An Atlas of Radioscopic Catheter Placement for the Electrophysiologist

Foreword

Foreword

Acknowledgements

Contents

Authors and Contributors

Part 1: Radiology

X-Ray Anatomy of the Heart

Computed Tomography of Anatomy of the Heart

2.1 CT Anatomy of the Heart

2.2 Multidetector Computerized Tomography

2.3 CT Study of Target Structures in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation

2.3.1 CT Study of Pulmonary Veins

2.3.2 CT Study of Left Atrium

2.3.3 Other Evaluations to Carry Out

2.4 Final Remarks

Part 2: Electropysiology

The Electrophysiologic Study

3.1 Diagnostic Catheters

3.2 Atrial Catheter

3.3 His Catheter

3.4 Right Ventricular Catheter: Apex and Outflow Tract

3.5 The Approach to the Coronary Sinus

Ablation of Supraventricular Tachycardias from the Right Atrium

4.1 Ablation Catheters

4.2 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia

4.3 Atrioventricular Node’s Modulation and Ablation

4.4 Typical Atrial Flutter

Approach to the Left Heart Chambers

5.1 Transaortic or Retrograde Arterial Approach

5.2 Transseptal Approach

5.3 Utility of Intracardiac Echocardiographic Imaging

5.4 Double Transseptal Puncture

Accessory Pathways Ablation

6.1 Septal Accessory Pathways

6.2 Right-Sided Accessory Pathways

6.3 Left-Sided Accessory Pathways

Atrial Fibrillation Ablation

7.1 Pulmonary Vein Angiography

7.2 Pulmonary Vein Segmental Disconnection with Mapping Catheter

7.2.1 Mapping Catheters

7.2.2 Pulmonary Veins ’ Ostial Disconnection

7.3 Pulmonary Vein Circumferential Isolation

7.3.1 Electroanatomic Mapping Systems with Integration of Angio-CT/MRI Images

7.3.2 Left Atrial Mapping and Ablation

7.4 Linear Lesions: Left Mitral Isthmus and Roof

7.5 Superior Vena Cava Isolation

Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation

8.1 EnSite Catheter Positioning

8.2 Bundle Branch Reentrant Ventricular Tachycardia

8.3 Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Tachycardia

8.4 Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Tachycardias

8.5 Idiopathic Left Ventricle Tachycardias

8.6 Postischemic Ventricular Tachycardias

8.7 Epicardial Approach

Part 3: Pacing

Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation

9.1 The Pacing Lead

9.2 Atrial Lead

9.3 Right Ventricular Lead

Biventricular Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

10.1 Anatomy of the Coronary Sinus

10.2 Equipment for Coronary Sinus Cannulation: Guiding Sheaths

10.3 Coronary Sinus Cannulation Techniques

10.4 Coronary Sinus Angiography

10.5 Devices for Positioning the Left Ventricular Lead

10.5.1 Guidewires and Stylets

10.5.2 Leads for Coronary Sinus

10.6 Positioning Techniques of the Left Ventricular Lead

Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Lead Extraction

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Extraction Techniques

11.2.1 Traction

11.2.2 Traction and Countertraction with Locking Stylets and Telescoping Synthetic Sheaths

11.2.3 Electrosurgical Dissection System

11.2.4 Laser Lead Extraction

11.2.5 Transfemoral or Transjugular Approach

11.3 Conclusions

Part 4: Endomyocardial Biopsy

Endomyocardial Biopsy

12.1 Biopsy Technique

12.1.1 Femoral Approach with Preformed Sheath and Flexible Bioptome

Right Ventricular Endomyocardial Biopsy

Left Ventricular Endomyocardial Biopsy

12.1.2 Preshaped Bioptome

12.2 Indications to Endomyocardial Biopsy

12.3 Endomyocardial Biopsy in Patients with Arrhythmias

12.4 Tissue Processing and Analysis

Bibliography

Index