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Paper Prototyping - The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces
von: Carolyn Snyder
Elsevier Reference Monographs, 2003
ISBN: 9780080513508 , 408 Seiten
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: DRM
Preis: 39,95 EUR
Front Cover
1
Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces
4
Copyright Page
7
Contents
10
Foreword
22
Acknowledgments
24
Part I: Introduction to Prototyping
26
Chapter 1. Introduction
28
What Is Paper Prototyping Anyway?
28
What Paper Prototyping Isn’t
34
Benefits of Paper Prototyping
37
Paper Prototyping and Usability
37
The History of Paper Prototyping
39
Usefulness of Paper Prototyping
39
Audience for This Book
40
Usability for Everyone
42
Author Background
42
Terminology Used in This Book
43
Chapter Overview
45
No Bad Examples!
48
Companion Web Site: www.paperprototyping.com
48
Chapter 2. Case Studies
50
Software: The MathWorks
52
Web Application: Centra Symposium
55
E-commerce Web Site: Priceline.com
60
Small-Screen Display: Pingtei xpressa Phone Interface
64
Touch Screen Interface: Jukebox Car Radio
67
Historical Examples of Paper Prototyping
70
Summary
72
Chapter 3. Thinking about Prototyping
73
Creating an Interface-Look and Feel
73
Designing
74
Rendering
75
Coding
78
Psychological Benefits for Users
81
Effects on the Product Team
84
Summary
91
Chapter 4. Making a Paper Prototype
94
Paper Prototyping Materials
94
Creating a Background
99
How to Prototype Interface Widgets
105
Representing the Users' Choices
108
Hand-Drawing versus Screen Shots
109
Simulating Interaction
110
Beyond the Computer Screen-Incorporating Other Elements
113
Summary
120
Part II: Process: Conducting a Usability Study with a Paper Prototype
122
Chapter 5. Planning a Usability Study with a Paper Prototype
124
Overview of a Usability Study Using a Paper Prototype
125
People to Involve
127
Kickoff Meeting
130
User Recruitment
141
How Many Usability Studies?
143
It Gets Easier
144
Chapter 6. Task Design
146
Characteristics of a Good Task
146
Overview of the Task Creation Process
149
Step 1: List User Goals
150
Step 2: List Your Questions
151
Step 3: Prioritize Your Questions
153
Step 4: Create a Task
154
Step 5: Number and Order the Tasks
161
Step 6: Write Instructions for Users
163
Step 7: Reality-Check Your Tasks
167
Chapter 7. Preparing the Prototype
170
List the Pieces Needed for the Tasks
170
Don’t Forget the Data
171
Divide and Conquer
172
Parallel Design
173
Existing versus New Design?
174
Hand-Drawn versus Screen Shots?
176
Tips for Hand-Drawn Prototypes
177
Greeking and Simplification
179
Using Screen Shots
181
Separating Elements
182
How Much to Prototype-Anticipating Paths and Errors
183
Organizing the Prototype
184
Design Reviews
185
Internal Walkthroughs
187
The Final Walkthrough–the Usability Test Rehearsal
192
Pilot Tests
194
Chapter 8. Introduction to Usability Test Facilitation
196
Facilitator Responsibilities
197
Ethical and Legal Responsibilities
197
Facilitator Roles: Flight Attendant, Sportscaster, Scientist
202
Co-Discovery (Two-User) Testing
211
Making Trade-Offs
214
Other Common Testing Challenges
216
Tips for New Facilitators
219
Chapter 9. Usability Testing with a Paper Prototype
222
The Test Facility
222
Seating
223
Videotaping
224
Preparing Users
228
How the "Computer" Behaves
234
Facilitating a Paper Prototype Test
236
Ending the Test
238
Combining Roles
238
Iterative Refinement: Modifying the Prototype
239
Chapter 10. Observers
246
Benefits of In-Room Observers
246
Concerns about In-Room Observers
250
Weighing Risks and Rewards
254
The Rules
254
Working up to In-Room Observers
260
Preparing the Users
260
Observer-User Interactions: Questions to Avoid
261
What Observers Should Do
264
Chapter 11. Data. Capturing, Prioritizing, and Communicating
266
Capturing the Data (Note-Taking)
266
Debriefing Meeting: Prioritizing the Issues
272
Communicating and Documenting the Results
278
Summary
281
Part III: DecidingWhether to Use Paper
282
Chapter 12. What Paper is (and Isn't) Good For
284
Dimensions of a Prototype
284
Which Dimensions Matter?
293
What Paper Prototypes Will Likely Find (Depth Issues)
297
What Paper Prototypes May Find (Look Issues)
300
What Paper Prototypes Won't Find (Interaction Issues)
302
Finding Problems through Inspection
306
What Usability Testing Won't Find (Real-Life Situations)
307
Summary
308
Chapter 13. The Politics of Paper Prototyping
310
Validity
311
Bias
317
Examining Bias: Qualitative Analysis
330
Professionalism
335
Resource Constraints
337
Tips for Dealing with Skeptics
342
Chapter 14. When to Use Paper
344
War Stories
344
People and Logistics
347
Development Context
350
Tasks, Data, and Test Scenarios
353
Timing and Scope
355
Making Your Decision
356
Hybrid (Paper + Software) Testing
359
Broading the Focus
20
Chapter 15. Examples of User-Centered Design
364
Example 1: The MathWorks
364
Example 2: IBM
368
Example 3: Dictaphone
371
Chapter 16. Final Thoughts
378
References
380
Papers and Articles
380
Books
383
Web Sites
384
Index
386
Figure Credits
402
About the Author
403
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