Radio Navigation Systems for Airports and Airways

Preface

Acknowledgements

Contents

Abbreviations

1 Elements of the General Radio Navigation Theory

1.1 Air Navigation and Its Technical Aids Overview

1.2 Main Building Principles and Classification of Radio Navigation Aids

1.3 Main Navigation Notions and Terms

1.4 Coordinate Systems Used in Air Navigation

1.5 Lines and Surfaces of Position

1.6 Methods of Aircraft’s Position Determination

1.7 Coverage Areas of Essential Radio Navigation Systems Types

1.7.1 Methodology of Coverage Area Construction

1.7.2 Coverage Area of Theta-Theta Navigation System

1.7.3 Coverage Area of Rho-Rho Radio Navigation System

1.7.4 Coverage Area of Rho-Theta Navigation System

1.7.5 Coverage Area of Hyperbolic Fixing (Range Difference) Navigation System

1.8 Aeronautical Consumers’ Requirements to the Navigation Accuracy

1.9 Summary

1.10 Further Reading

References

2 Direction-Measuring Short-Range Navigation Systems

2.1 General Characteristics of Short-Range Navigation Systems

2.2 Non-directional Beacons

2.2.1 Application and Missions

2.2.2 NDB Placement

2.2.3 A Generalized Block Diagram and Operation Principle of an NDB

2.2.4 NDB Design and Basic Specifications

2.3 Aviation VHF Direction Finders

2.3.1 Please check the clarity of the phrase ‘on-Aerodrome Location…’.Function and General Characteristics

2.3.2 Principles of Forming and Processing Information in DFs

2.3.3 Design and Main Specifications of DFs

2.4 Summary

2.5 Further Reading

References

3 Rho-Theta Short-Range Radio-technical Navigation Systems

3.1 Common Characteristics of Rho-Theta Short-Range Radio-technical Navigation System

3.2 VOR System

3.2.1 Main Characteristics and the Destination of System

3.2.2 VOR System’s Operating Principle

3.2.3 DVOR System’s Operating Principle

3.2.4 Construction and Main Technical Characteristics of VOR (DVOR) Radio Beacons

3.3 Distance-Measuring System

3.3.1 Function and General Characteristics of the System

3.3.2 DME Generic Block Diagram and Operation Principle

3.3.3 Design and Main Specifications of DME Beacons

3.4 Summary

3.5 Further Reading

References

4 Radio-technical Landing Systems

4.1 Classification and Categories of Landing Systems

4.2 General Description of Radio-technical Landing Systems

4.2.1 NDB-Based Landing Systems

4.2.2 Radar Landing Systems

4.2.3 Radio Beacon Landing Systems

4.3 Instrument Landing System

4.3.1 Principles of Construction and Operation

4.3.2 Equisignal Radio Beacons

4.3.3 “Zero-Referenced” (CSB/SBO) Radio Beacons

4.3.4 Twin-Channel Radio Beacons

4.4 Marker Beacons

4.5 Design and Main Specifications of ILS Radio Beacons

4.6 Summary

4.7 Further Reading

References

5 Landing Systems Based on Satellite Navigation Systems

5.1 General Information of SNS

5.1.1 Performance Features and Structure of Satellite Navigation Systems

5.1.2 Parameters of Orbit Groups and the Contents of Ephemeris Information

5.1.3 Signal Structure

5.1.4 Principles of Solving a Navigational Problem

5.2 Factors Influencing SNS Accuracy

5.3 Methods of Increasing the Accuracy of Navigational Sightings by SNS Data

5.3.1 Operation in a Combined Mode

5.3.2 Operation in a Differential Mode

5.3.3 Functional Augmentations Recommended by ICAO

5.3.4 Application of Pseudo-satellites

5.4 Design and General Performances of LAAS of LKKS-A-2000-Type

5.5 Summary

5.6 Further Reading

References

6 Multiposition (Multilateration) Surveillance Systems

6.1 General Characteristics of Multilateration Systems

6.2 Principle of Aircraft Positioning in the MLAT System

6.3 Typical Variants of the MLAT Architecture

6.4 Factors Influencing the MLAT Accuracy

6.5 Requirements to the MLAT Performances

6.6 Summary

6.7 Further Reading

References