Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II - Clinical Use and Interpretation

Cover

CONTENTS

PREFACE

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

SECTION I: INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1 ADAPTIVE BEHAVIORS AND SKILLS: AN INTRODUCTION

Some Historic Background for Adaptive Behavior and Its Use

1848: The Impact of an Organic Theory of Evolution

1920s: Challenges to Eugenics and Efforts to Improve Methods Used with Persons with Mental Retardation

Definitions of Mental Retardation and the Increasing Importance of Adaptive Behavior and Skills

The Development of Tests to Assess Adaptive Behavior

Models and Concepts of Adaptive Behavior and Skills

Age and Demographic Differences on Adaptive Behavior Scales

Age

Gender

Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status

Applications of Adaptive Behavior Information

External Reviews of the ABAS-II

References

CHAPTER 2 PROFESSIONAL AND LEGAL ISSUES IN ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT

Professional Standards Governing Test Development and Use

Standards Governing Test Development and Use

Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing

Diagnostic Standards

State Board of Education Standards for Diagnosing School-Based Disorders

Applications of Adaptive Behavior to the Above Diagnostic Standards

Test Ethics

Legal Issues that Impact Adaptive Behavior Assessment

Federal Legislation and Related Policies and Practices

Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act

Medicaid

Supplemental Security Disability and Supplemental Security Income

Assessment of Persons on Death Row: Do They Display Mental Retardation?

To Whom Do Professionals Release Test Data?

Ethical Standards Governing Release of Test Data

Legal Standards Governing Release of Test Data

Conclusion

References

Appendix A

CHAPTER 3 ABAS-II ASSESSMENT METHODS

Overview of the ABAS-II

ABAS-II Forms

ABAS-II Content

ABAS-II Uses

ABAS-II Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation

Respondents' Completion of the ABAS-II Forms

ABAS-II Scoring

ABAS-II Interpretation and Applications

Summary

References

SECTION II: ABAS-II AND ADAPTIVE SKILL AREAS

CHAPTER 4 COMMUNICATION SKILLS

ABAS-II Measurement

Receptive Language

Expressive Language

Nonverbal Communication

Additional Assessments

Direct Observations

Direct Tests of Skills

Intervention Methods

Receptive Language

Expressive Language

Nonverbal Communication

Child Case Study

References

CHAPTER 5 ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND SKILLS IMPORTANT TO COMMUNITY USE

Description of Community Use Adaptive Skill Area

Importance of Community Use Adaptive Skill Area

Conditions that Impact Development and Performance of Community Skills

Issues with Special Populations

Special Considerations for Children

Additional Techniques to Assess Community Use in Combination with the ABAS-II

Community

Individual/Parent Preferences and Priorities

Individual's Skills

Intervention Methods

Prioritization and Selection of Skills for Instruction

Location of Instruction

Type of Instruction

Generalization Strategies

Instructional Prompting Strategies

Methods for Providing Instruction Alongside Same-Age Peers

Case Study: Brian

References

CHAPTER 6 FUNCTIONAL ACADEMIC ADAPTIVE SKILLS

Introduction

Measurement of Functional Academic Adaptive Skills Using the ABAS-II

Importance of Functional Academics

Implications for General Functioning

Conditions That Impact Development and Performance of Functional Academics

Impact On and Issues with Special Populations

Possible Age and Gender Issues

Additional Tools Used for Assessment of Functional Academic Adaptive Skills

Information from the ABAS-II

Ecological Inventories

Person-Centered Planning

Standardized Tests

Intervention Methods that Promote and Accommodate Functional Academic Adaptive Skills

Functional Reading

Functional Pre-Academics for Reading

Functional Academics for Reading

Functional Writing

Functional Mathematics

General Functional Skills

Case Study

References

CHAPTER 7 SCHOOL AND HOME LIVING ADAPTIVE SKILLS

Introduction

Importance of the Adaptive Skill Area

Assessment of School and Home Living Adaptive Skills

Ecological Inventory

Task Analytic Assessment

Assessment of Choices

Assessment of Generalized Abilities

Intervention Methods for School and Home Living Skills Acquisition

Intervention Factors

Intervention Methods

ABAS-II Guidelines for Program Planning and Monitoring

Case Study

Summary

References

CHAPTER 8 HEALTH AND SAFETY ADAPTIVE SKILL AREA

Importance of Health and Safety

ABAS-II Measurement in Health and Safety

Value of Health and Safety for General Functioning

Prevalence and Epidemiology

Predisposing Persons with Disabilities to Injury

Health and Safety Curriculum

Home and Community Living

Work Safety

Fire Safety

Crime Prevention

HIV/AIDS Prevention

Substance Use

Self-Medication and Health Care

Conducting Ecological Assessments

Teaching Health and Safety Skills

Case Study Using the ABAS-II

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 9 THE USE OF LEISURE TIME

Introduction and Description of Leisure Skill Area

The Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II

The Use of the ABAS-II to Assess Leisure Activities

Importance of Leisure Adaptive Skill Area

Leisure Ability Model

Functional Intervention

Leisure Education

Recreation Participation

Additional Observation, Direct Assessment, and Other Techniques to Assess Leisure Adaptive Skill Area

Curriculum to Promote Leisure Education

Tests and Other Evaluation Methods

Intervention Methods to Promote and Accommodate Deficiencies in Leisure Skills

Case Study

References

CHAPTER 10 PROMOTING SELF-CARE SKILLS

Introduction

Definition and Description of Self-Care Skills

Assessment of Self-Care Adaptive Skills on the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II (ABAS-II)

The Importance of Self-Care Skills for General Functioning

Conditions That Impact Development and Performance of Self-Care Skills

Additional Assessment Techniques

Interventions to Promote Self-Care Skills

Specific Interventions That Can Be Used to Promote Self-Care Skills

Use of Assistive Technologies

Sample Case Study Using the ABAS-II

References

CHAPTER 11 SOCIAL SKILLS

Introduction

Measurement of the Social Adaptive Skill Area Using the ABAS-II

Importance of Social Skills

Implications for General Functioning

Implications for School Success

Impact on Relationships

Impact on Successful Employment and Community Integration

Factors that Impact the Development and Performance of Social Skills

Additional Tools Used to Assess Social Adaptive Skills

Person-centered Planning

Functional Behavior Assessment

Indirect and Direct Assessment Methods

Social Skills Instruction

Linking Assessment to Instruction

Designing Social Skills Instruction

Case Study

References

CHAPTER 12 ABAS-II AND WORK SKILLS AND ATTITUDES

Introduction and Description of the Work Adaptive Skill Area

General Description of Work Skills and Attitudes

Description of the ABAS-II and Work Adaptive Skill Area

Importance of the Work Adaptive Skill Area and Review of Research

Implications of the Work Skill Adaptive Area for General Functioning

Conditions That Impact Individuals' Development and Performance in the Work Adaptive Skill Area

Impact on and Issues in Special Populations

Age and Gender Issues

Additional Techniques to Assess the Work Adaptive Skill Area

Intervention Methods That Promote Development and Accommodate Deficiencies in the Work Adaptive Skill Area

Sample Case Report Using ABAS-II

References

CHAPTER 13 MOTOR FUNCTIONING AND ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR

ABAS-II Case Study

Assessment of Motor Function

References

SECTION III: ABAS-II AND ASSESSMENT ACROSS AGE RANGES

CHAPTER 14 USING THE ABAS-II WITH INFANTS, TODDLERS, AND PRESCHOOLERS

Overview of Assessment with Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers

Conditions Associated with Disability among Infants and Preschoolers

Disabilities Identified among Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers

Challenges Unique to the Assessment of Young Children

Services Provided for Infants and Preschoolers under IDEIA 2004

Use of the ABAS-II with Infants and Preschoolers

Scoring the ABAS-II

Psychometric Properties of the ABAS-II for Use with Infants and Preschoolers

Case Example Using the ABAS: Alex

References

CHAPTER 15 USING THE ABAS-II WITH ELEMENTARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS

Developmental and Diagnostic Issues

Evaluation of Evidence Supporting Use and Interpretation of ABAS-II School-Age Forms

Norming Sample

Reliability

Scale/Item Characteristics

Validity Evidence

Evidence Based on Content

Evidence Based on Responses Processes

Evidence Based on Internal Structure

Evidence Based on External Relations

Evidence Based on Consequences

Summary

Case Studies

Case Study 1: Mental Retardation

Case Study 2: Grief, Emotion Regulation, and Social Skill Deficits

References

CHAPTER 16 USING THE ABAS-II WITH ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS

Adaptive Behavior and Characteristics of Adolescents and Young Adults

Adolescent Development and Importance of Adaptive Behavior

Disorders and Disabilities Affecting Adaptive Behavior of Adolescents and Young Adults

Assessing Adaptive Behavior and Validity of the ABAS-II with Adolescents and Young Adults

Adaptive Behavior Assessment of Adolescents and Young Adults

Suitability of ABAS-II Structure to Understanding Adolescents and Young Adults

Contributions of ABAS-II Composites

Validity Studies on the ABAS-II

Case Study

References

SECTION IV: ABAS-II AND ASSESSMENT FOR SPECIAL POPULATIONS

CHAPTER 17 USING THE ABAS-II IN PROMOTING AND EVALUATING AUTONOMY FOR ADULTS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS

Adaptive Behavior Considerations

Interventions Related to Adaptive Behavior

Standardization of ABAS-II on Adult Population

Edward: ABAS-II Case Study

References

CHAPTER 18 ABAS-II: ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT FOR CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES

Characteristics of Individuals with IDD and Adaptive Behavior

Legal, Professional, and Diagnostic Issues and Assessment of Adaptive Behavior

Legal, Professional, and Diagnostic Issues

Assessment of Adaptive Behavior

Advances in Prevention and Early Intervention for IDD

ABAS-II: Validity and Assessment of Individuals with IDD

Evidence of Validity for the ABAS-II

Test Content

Response Process

Internal Structure

Other Variables

Clinical Validity Studies

Individuals Identified with IDD

Summary of Special Group Performance on the ABAS-II

Case Study of a 5 Year Old Boy with Fragile X Syndrome

Summary

References

CHAPTER 19 INTERVENTION DESIGN AND DIAGNOSIS FOR YOUNG CHILDREN WITH AUTISM USING THE ABAS-II

Core Components of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Essential Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Relevant Research

Case Study

Summary

References

CHAPTER 20 ASSESSMENT OF ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR IN ADULT FORENSIC CASES: THE USE OF THE ABAS-II

Definitions of Mental Retardation/Intellectual Disability

Challenges in Adaptive Behavior Assessment in Atkins Cases

The Nature of Adaptive Behavior

The Issue of Retrospective Assessment

Reliance on Multiple Sources

Use of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System in Atkins Cases

Attributes of the ABAS-II

Informant Selection

Time Frame for Scoring

Conducting the Interview in Person

Administering the ABAS-II to the Defendant

Other Sources of Information

Interview the Defendant

Test the Defendant's Knowledge

Test the Defendant's Performance

Interview Family Members, Former Neighbors, Friends, and Employers

Seek Objective Archival Information

Seek Subjective Archival Information

Clinical Judgment

Conclusion

References

INDEX

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