Hydrocarbon Exploration & Production

Front Cover

Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production

Copyright Page

Contents

Principal Authors

Introduction: About this Book

Chapter 1. The Field Life Cycle

1.1. Gaining Access Phase

1.2. Exploration Phase

1.3. Appraisal Phase

1.4. Development Planning

1.5. Production Phase

1.6. Decommissioning

Chapter 2. Petroleum Agreements and Bidding

2.1. The Invitation to Bid

2.2. Motivations and Form of Bid

2.3. Block Award

2.4. Fiscal System

2.5. Farm-in and Farm-out

2.6. Unitisation and Equity Determination

Chapter 3. Exploration

3.1. Hydrocarbon Accumulations

3.2. Exploration Methods and Techniques

Chapter 4. Drilling Engineering

4.1. Well Planning

4.2. Rig Types and Rig Selection

4.3. Drilling Systems and Equipment

4.4. Site Preparation

4.5. Drilling Techniques

4.6. Casing and Cementing

4.7. Drilling Problems

4.8. Costs and Contracts

Chapter 5. Safety and the Environment

5.1. Safety Culture

5.2. Safety Management Systems

5.3. Environment

5.4. Current Environmental Concerns

Chapter 6. Reservoir Description

6.1. Reservoir Geology

6.2. Reservoir Fluids

6.3. Data Gathering

6.4. Data Interpretation

Chapter 7. Volumetric Estimation

7.1. Deterministic Methods

7.2. Expressing Uncertainty

Chapter 8. Field Appraisal

8.1. The Role of Appraisal in the Field Life Cycle

8.2. Identifying and Quantifying Sources of Uncertainty

8.3. Appraisal Tools

8.4. Expressing Reduction of Uncertainty

8.5. Cost-Benefit Calculations for Appraisal

8.6. Practical Aspects of Appraisal

Chapter 9. Reservoir Dynamic Behaviour

9.1. The Driving Force for Production

9.2. Reservoir Drive Mechanisms

9.3. Gas Reservoirs

9.4. Fluid Displacement in the Reservoir

9.5. Reservoir Simulation

9.6. Estimating the Recovery Factor

9.7. Estimating the Production Profile

9.8. Enhanced Oil Recovery

Chapter 10. Well Dynamic Behaviour

10.1. Estimating the Number of Development Wells

10.2. Fluid Flow Near the Wellbore

10.3. Horizontal Wells

10.4. Production Testing and Bottom Hole Pressure Testing

10.5. Tubing Performance

10.6. Well Completions

10.7. Completion Technology and Intelligent Wells

10.8. Artificial Lift

10.9. Subsea vs. Platform Trees

Chapter 11. Surface Facilities

11.1. Oil and Gas Processing

11.2. Facilities

Chapter 12. Production Operations and Maintenance

12.1. Operating and Maintenance Objectives

12.2. Production Operations Input to the FDP

12.3. Maintenance Engineering Input to the FDP

Chapter 13. Project and Contract Management

13.1. Phasing and Organisation

13.2. Planning and Control

13.3. Cost Estimation and Budgets

13.4. Reasons for Contracting

13.5. Types of Contract

Chapter 14. Petroleum Economics

14.1. Basic Principles of Development Economics

14.2. Constructing a Project Cashflow

14.3. Calculating a Discounted Cashflow

14.4. Economic Indicators

14.5. Project Screening and Ranking

14.6. Sensitivity Analysis

14.7. Incorporating Inflation

14.8. Exploration Economics

Chapter 15. Risk Analysis

15.1. Risk Definition and Unit of Measure

15.2. Summary of Risk Analysis Techniques in Exploration and Appraisal

15.3. Risk Analysis for Major Capital Investments in Projects

15.4. Managing Commercial Risk

Chapter 16. Managing the Producing Field

16.1. Managing the Subsurface

16.2. Managing the Surface Facilities

16.3. Managing the External Factors

Chapter 17. Managing Decline

17.1. Infill Drilling

17.2. Workover Activity

17.3. Enhanced Oil Recovery

17.4. Production De-Bottlenecking

17.5. Incremental Development

Chapter 18. Decommissioning

18.1. Legislation

18.2. Economic Lifetime

18.3. Decommissioning Funding

18.4. Decommissioning Methods

References and Bibliography

Terms and Abbreviations

Subject Index