Rabies - Scientific Basis of the Disease and Its Management

Front cover

Rabies

Copyright page

Contents

Foreword

Preface

Contributors

Chapter 1 The History of Rabies

1 Introduction

2 Remedies for dog rabies from the early and middle ages to the 18th century

3 Rabies in the New World

4 The early role of wild animals in the spread of rabies

5 Development of the first-generation rabies vaccine

References

Chapter 2 Rabies Virus

1 Introduction

2 Rabies virus structure

3 Rabies virus replication

4 Life cycle of rabies virus infection

5 Virus cell-to-cell spread – perpetuating the virus life cycle

6 Structure of rabies virus proteins in relation to function

References

Chapter 3 Molecular Epidemiology

1 Introduction

2 Methods and definition of terms

3 Viral taxonomy

4 Aspects of rabies pathogenesis and evolution revealed by molecular epidemiology

5 Conclusions and future trends

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 4 Epidemiology

1 Introduction to concepts

2 The epidemiology of human rabies

3 Routes of rabies virus transmission to humans

4 Risk and prevention of rabies following an exposure

5 Epidemiology of rabies in mammalian populations

6 Dissemination of canine rabies and evidence for periodic cycles

7 Cross-species transmission (spillover) of rabies virus

8 Spatial spread and epidemiology of wildlife rabies

9 Control of rabies directed toward mammalian reservoir hosts

References

Chapter 5 Rabies in Terrestrial Animals

1 Introduction

2 Host range and susceptibility

3 Transmission

4 Clinical course

5 Differential diagnosis

6 Viral excretion and public health implications

7 Reservoirs and other lyssaviruses

8 Rabies in domestic animals

9 Wildlife reservoirs

10 Other animals as reservoirs or simply spillover hosts?

11 Conclusions

References

Chapter 6 Bat Rabies

1 Introduction – general considerations on bat rabies

2 Bat rabies in the New World

3 Bat rabies in the Old World

References

Chapter 7 Human Disease

1 Introduction

2 Exposures, incubation period and prodromal symptoms

3 Clinical forms of disease

4 Investigations

5 Differential diagnosis

6 Therapy

7 Recovery from rabies

8 Rabies due to other Lyssavirus genotypes

References

Chapter 8 Pathogenesis

1 Introduction

2 Events at the site of exposure

3 Spread to the CNS

4 Spread within the CNS

5 Spread from the CNS

6 Animal models of rabies virus neurovirulence

7 Rabies virus receptors

8 Brain dysfunction in rabies

9 Recovery from rabies and chronic rabies virus infection

10 Summary

References

Chapter 9 Pathology

1 Introduction

2 Macroscopic findings

3 Pathology in the central nervous system

4 Pathology in the peripheral nervous system

5 Pathology involving the eye and extraneural organs

6 Summary and conclusions

References

Chapter 10 Diagnostic Evaluation

1 Introduction

2 Post-mortem diagnosis of rabies in animals

3 Virus isolation

4 Use of molecular methods to detect viral RNA

5 Diagnosis of rabies in humans

6 Rabies antibody assays

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 11 Rabies Serology

1 Introduction

2 Investigative serology

3 Serologic methods

4 Choosing an assay

5 Quality assurance measures

6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 12 Immunology

1 Introduction

2 Molecular components of a specific immune response

3 Immune responses during RABV infection

4 Immunological basis for post-exposure vaccination efficiency

5 Conclusions

References

Chapter 13 Human Rabies Vaccines

1 Introduction

2 Value of vaccination

3 Nerve tissue vaccines

4 Cell culture vaccines

5 Conclusions

References

Chapter 14 Animal Vaccines

1 Introduction

2 Animal rabies vaccines

References

Chapter 15 Next Generation Rabies Vaccines

1 Introduction

2 Recombinant virus vaccines

3 DNA-based rabies vaccines

4 Oral rabies vaccines derived from plants

References

Chapter 16 Public Health Management of Humans at Risk

1 Introduction

2 Pre-exposure vaccination

3 Post-exposure vaccination

4 Adverse reactions to cell culture vaccines

5 Interchangeability of vaccines

6 Rabies in children

7 Travel to canine rabies endemic countries

8 Rabies control in developing countries

9 Educational awareness

References

Chapter 17 Dog Rabies and its Control

1 Introduction

2 The burden of canine rabies

3 Historical perspectives on dog rabies control

4 Dog accessibility

5 Vaccination coverage

6 The epidemiological theory of dog rabies control

7 Oral vaccination of dogs

8 Age at first vaccination

9 Dog rabies control in wildlife conservation

10 Economics of dog vaccination for rabies control

11 Dog population management

12 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 18 Rabies Control in Wild Carnivores

1 Introduction

2 Historical aspects of rabies control in wildlife

3 The concept of controlling rabies in wildlife

4 Initiation of wildlife rabies control programs

5 Diagnosis of suspect wildlife

6 Vector species biology in relation to rabies epidemiology

7 Transportation of wildlife

8 Point infection control: the first callfor control

9 Bait development for delivery of oralrabies vaccine

10 ORV initiation/considerations

11 Importance of vector home range and density for vaccine bait distribution

12 Large-scale vaccine bait distribution technology

13 Surveillance prior to, during and after a rabies control program

14 Vaccine baiting costs/benefits and costs of rabies control

15 Vaccine baiting efficiency and baiting success guidelines

16 Contingency planning

17 Modeling

18 Conclusion

References

Chapter 19 Future Developments and Challenges

1 Introduction

2 Pathogenesis

3 Epidemiology

4 Prevention of human rabies

5 Diagnosis and therapy of human rabies

6 Control of animal rabies

7 Summary

References

Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Z