Intensive Care Medicine - Annual Update 2007

Table of Contents

List of Contributors

Common Abbreviations

Biomarkers

The Diagnosis of Sepsis: The Present and The Future

Procalcitonin: Nice to Know, Need to know, or Needs Further Research?

Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Hormokines as Biomarkers in Severe Infections

Novel Biomarkers and the Outcome from Critical Illness and Major Surgery

Molecular Approaches to Detection of Bacteria in Critical Care Patients

Sepsis and Infection: Management

Understanding and Optimizing Outcome in Neonates with Sepsis and Septic Shock

Effects of Vasoactive Agents on the Gastrointestinal Microdrculation in Septic Shock

Hemodynamic Effects of Activated Protein C in Septic Shock

Adrenomedullin in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Dysfunction and Sepsis

Antioxidants for the Treatment of Endothelial Dysfunction in Critical Illness

Plasma Cortisol: Time to Look Deeper?

Glucose Control and Monitoring in the ICU

Severe Lung Infections

Current Concepts of Severe Pneumococcal Community-acquired Pneumonia

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ( RSV) in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Non- AIDS Immunocompromised Patients

Mechanisms of Organ Dysfunction

The Role of Neutrophil-Derived Myeloperoxidase in Organ Dysfunction and Sepsis

Are Mitochondria Responsible for Improved Outcomes in Recent Studies?

The Impact of Chronic Disease on Response to Infection

Immunomodulatory Effects of General Anesthetics

Critical Illness Stress- induced Immune Suppression

Transcription Factors and Nuclear Cofactors in Muscle Wasting

Organ Dysfunction in the ICU: A Clinical Perspective

Lipids

Sphingolipid Metabolism in Systemic Inflammation

Statins in Sepsis and Acute Lung Injury

Potential Mechanisms by which Statins Modulate the Development of Acute Lung Injury

Acute Lung Injury

Matrix Metalloproteinases in Acute Lung Injury

The Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor In Lung Injury and Repair

Cell Regeneration in Lung Injury

The Extracellular Matrix of the Lung: The Forgotten Friend!

Mechanical Ventilation

Advances in Translaryngeal Tube Technology

Is One Fixed Level of Assist Sufficient to Mechanically Ventilate Spontaneously Breathing Patients?

Patient-ventilator Interaction During Non-invasive Ventilation with the Helmet Interface

Protective Ventilation in Respiratory Failure

Dynamic Lung Imaging Techniques in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Can We Protect the Lung from Acute Injury?

Rationale for High- Frequency Oscillation as a Primary Lung- Protective Mode in Patients with ALI/ ARDS

The Role of Protective Ventilation in Cardiac Surgery Patients

Alveolar Pressure/ volume Curves Reflect Regional Lung Mechanics

Cardiovascular Topics

Cardiovascular Surgery in the Aging World

Intensive Care Unit Arrhythmias

Diastolic ( Dys) Function in Sepsis

Autonomic Dysfunction: A Relevant Component in Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Hemodynamic Monitoring

The Use of Hemodynamic Monitoring to Improve Patient Outcomes

Using Mathematical Models to Improve the Utility of Quantitative ICU Data

The Meaning of Hemodynamic Monitoring in Patients with Shoclc: Role of Echocardiography

Transpulmonary Thermodilution for Advanced Cardiorespiratory Monitoring

Using Heart- Lung Interactions for Functional Hemodynamic Monitoring: Important Factors beyond Preload

Diagnosis of Central Hypovolemia in a Spontaneously Breathing Patient

Assessment of Fluid Responsiveness in Spontaneously Breathing Patients

Passive Leg Raising

Extravascular Lung Water Measurement

Intravenous Fluid Therapy

Fluid Management in Sepsis: Colloids or Crystalloids?

Balanced Volume Replacement Strategy: Fact or Fiction?

Renal Failure

Cystatin C as a Marker of Renal Function in Critically III Patients at Risk for or with Acute Renal Failure

Adjustment of Antimicrobial Regimen in Critically III Patients Undergoing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Abdominal Pathologies

Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

Gut Absorption Capacity in the Critically III

The Liver

Critical Illness and the Hepatic Microcirculation: A Review

The Hepatic Response to Severe Injury

The Management of Liver Trauma

The Pathology and Management of Intracranial Hypertension in Acute Liver Failure

Subject Index

Neurological Issues

Continuous EEG Monitoring in the ICU

The Acute and Chronic Management of Large Cerebral Infarcts

Cooling Therapies after Neuronal Injury; Direct Brain Cooling and Systemic Hypothermia

Non- traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Promising Concepts in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Nitric Oxide Metabolism after Traumatic Brain Injury

Modulation of Blood Pressure In Traumatic Brain Injury

The Delirious Patient in the ICU

Management of Burns

Emergency Room and Acute Care of the Critically III Burned Patient

Early Manipulation of Metabolic Changes due to Severe Burns in Children

Antithrombin in Burn Trauma

Hematological Alterations

The Critically III Red Blood Cell

Red Blood Cell Transfusion in the Pediatric ICU

Thrombocytopenia in Intensive Care Patients

Point- of- care Coagulation Monitoring: Current Status of Viscoelastic Techniques

Monitoring of Hemostasis in Emergency Medicine

Oral Anticoagulant Overdose and Bleeding Risk

Does Sex Make a Difference?

Insight into the Mechanism of Gender- specific Response to Trauma- hemorrhage

Sex- Related Differences in Response to Global Ischemic Insult and Treatment

Influence of Gender on Outcome of Severe Sepsis

Prognosis and Long-term Outcomes

The Changing Prognostic Determinants in the Critically III Patient

Chronic Critical Illness

To be or not to be ... Vegetative

Quality and Management

Intermediate Respiratory Care Units

The Impact of Noise in the Intensive Care Unit

Alarms: Transforming a Nuisance into a Reliable Tool

Ethical and Legal Dilemmas in Accessing Critical Care Services

Emergency Care for the VIP Patient

Brain Death: Compliance, Consequences and Care of the Adult Donor

Disasters

Update on Avian Influenza for Critical Care Physicians

Critical Care Pandemic Preparedness Primer

Pathobiology of Blast Injury

Personal Reflections on Emergency Preparedness and the Response to A Major Natural Disaster: Hurricane Katrina

Subject Index