A Reader in Planning Theory - Reader in Planning Theory

Front Cover

A Reader in Planning Theory

Copyright Page

Table of Contents

Foreword

Acknowledgements

PART I: WHAT IS PLANNING THEORY?

Chapter 1. Introduction

THEORY IN PLANNING VERSUS THEORY OF PLANNING

NORMATIVE VERSUS POSITIVE THEORIES OF PLANNING

FRAMEWORKS FOR THE STUDY OF THEORY OF PLANNING

REFERENCES

Chapter 2. A Choice Theory of Planning*

VALUE FORMULATION

MEANS IDENTIFICATION

EFFECTUATION

CONCLUSIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

PART II: THE IDEA OF PLANNING

Chapter 3. Introduction

THE CRITICS OF TRADITIONAL PLANNING

CHANGE IN AMERICAN PLANNING

REFERENCES

Chapter 4. The Evaluation of Planning: Some Sociological Considerations*

STUDIES FOR THE PURPOSE OF EVALUATION

BRITISH EXPERIENCE

SUMMARY

Chapter 5. British Town Planning: One Ideology or Three?*

IDEOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY

THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT OF BRITISH TOWN PLANNING

THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF TOWN PLANNING IDEOLOGY

IMPROVED PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AS A GOAL

TOWN PLANNING AS PART OF BROADER SOCIAL POLICY

IDEOLOGICAL AMBIVALENCE AS AN ADAPTIVE MECHANISM

THE STRAIN OF IDEOLOGICAL INCONSISTENCY

SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND TOWN PLANNING IDEOLOGY

Chapter 6. Comprehensive Planning and Social Responsibility : Toward an AIP Consensus on the Profession's Roles and Purposes*

I. A TIME FOR RE-EXAMINATION

II. TO EXTEND ACCESS TO OPPORTUNITY

III. TO INTEGRATE LARGER WHOLES

IV. TO EXPAND FREEDOM IN A PLURALISTIC SOCIETY

PART III: TOWARDS COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING?

Chapter 7. Introduction

RATIONAL-COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING EXPLORED

THE CHALLENGE TO RATIONAL-COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING

OPTIMISM IN THE MID-SIXTIES

REFERENCES

Chapter 8. Building the Middle-range Bridge for Comprehensive Planning*

PROFESSIONALIZATION

EXPANDING FUNCTIONS

IMPLICATIONS OF THESE FUNCTIONS FOR PLANNING AGENCIES

Chapter 9. Ends and Means in Planning*

Chapter 10. The Science of "Muddling Through"*

BY ROOT OR BY BRANCH

INTERTWINING EVALUATION AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS (1 b)

RELATIONS BETWEEN MEANS AND ENDS (2b)

THE TEST OF "GOOD" POLICY (3b)

NON-COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS (4b)

SUCCESSION OF COMPARISONS (5b)

THEORISTS AND PRACTITIONERS

SUCCESSIVE COMPARISON AS A SYSTEM

Chapter 11. Beyond the Middle-range Planning Bridge*

I. THE MIDDLE-RANGE BRIDGE FOR COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING

II. THE COMMUNITY RENEWAL PROGRAM : CONCEPT AND PRACTICE

III. THE NEXT STEP : COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMING

Chapter 12. The Goals of Comprehensive Planning*

COMPREHENSIVENESS AND THE PUBLIC INTEREST

BASIS FOR AUTHORITY

CLOSING

Chapter 13. A Response to Altshuler: Comprehensive Planning as a Process*

Chapter 14. Mixed-scanning: A "Third" Approach to Decision-making*

THE RATIONALISTIC APPROACH

THE INCREMENTALIST APPROACH

MORPHOLOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS OF THE INCREMENTAL APPROACH

A CRITIQUE OF THE INCREMENTAL APPROACH AS A NORMATIVE MODEL

A CONCEPTUAL AND EMPIRICAL CRITIQUE OF INCREMENTALISM

THE MIXED-SCANNING APPROACH

CAN DECISIONS BE EVALUATED?

MORPHOLOGICAL FACTORS

PART IV: BUREAUCRATS, ADVOCATES, INNOVATORS

Chapter 15. Introduction

PLANNING BOARD OR STAFF-FUNCTION

EXPANSION OF PLANNING AS A BUREAUCRATIC FUNCTION OF URBAN GOVERNMENT

THE PLANNER AS A POLITICAL ACTOR

CREATIVE BUREAUCRACY?

REFERENCES

Chapter 16. What Makes Planners Plan?*

REFERENCES

Chapter 17. The Planner as a Bureaucrat*

THE CASE OF CONFLICTING IDENTITIES

THE VULNERABILITY OF THE PLANNER

SURVIVAL IN A BUREAUCRACY

AN ILLUSTRATION : THE BUREAU OF THE BUDGET

PLANNING IS THE ART OF THE POSSIBLE

CONCLUSION

Chapter 18. Politics, Personality and Planning*

THE NORMS OF THE PLANNING COMMUNITY

THE NEEDS OF THE PLANNER

THE IMPACT OF NEEDS AND NORMS

Chapter 19. Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning*

THE PLANNER AS ADVOCATE

THE STRUCTURE OF PLANNING

AN INCLUSIVE DEFINITION OF THE SCOPE OF PLANNING

THE EDUCATION OF PLANNERS

CONCLUSION

Chapter 20. Notes on the Structure of Planning Administration

I. THE STRUCTURAL MODEL OF ADMINISTRATION AS IMPLEMENTATION

II. PHYSICAL PLANNING AND THE HIERARCHICAL MODEL OF THE EXECUTIVE

III. A STRUCTURAL MODEL OF PLANNING ADMINISTRATION

PART V: POSITIVE THEORIES OF PLANNING

Chapter 21. Introduction

REFERENCES

Chapter 22. The Planning Process: A Facet Design*1

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY2

THE CONCEPT OF PLANNING

THE FACETS OF PLANNING

PRIMARY FACET A: THE GENERAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE PLANNING PROCESS

PRIMARY FACET B: THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE PLANNING PROCESS

PRIMARY FACET C: THE PLANNING UNIT

PRIMARY FACET D: THE FORM OF THE PLAN TO BE ARRIVED AT

CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 23. A Conceptual Model for the Analysis of Planning Behavior

THE MODEL

CONCLUSION

Chapter 24. Community Decision Behavior: The Culture of Planning*

THE GENERAL FRAMEWORK

CULTURAL DYNAMICS

IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES