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Irresistible Apps - Motivational Design Patterns for Apps, Games, and Web-based Communities
Contents at a Glance
3
Contents
186
About the Author
193
About the TechnicalReviewers
194
Acknowledgments
196
Chapter 1: Introduction to Motivational Design
5
Motivational Design
5
The Irresistible Smartphone
6
The Zero-Sum Game
6
Motivational Design Patterns
7
How to Read This Book
7
Chapter 4: Gameful Patterns
8
Chapter 5: Social Patterns
8
Chapter 6: Interface Patterns
9
Chapter 7: Information Patterns
10
Chapter 9: Temporal Dark Patterns
10
Chapter 10: Monetary Dark Patterns
11
Chapter 11: Social Capital Dark Patterns
11
Conclusion
11
Chapter 2: Psychology of Motivation
12
Cargo Cult Design
12
Behavioral Psychology
13
Intrinsic Motivation Theories
15
The Importance of Learning: Malone
16
Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness: Deci and Ryan
16
Self-Determination Theory
17
Cognitive Evaluation Theory
18
A Multifaceted View: Reiss
19
Behavioral Economics
22
Conclusion
22
Chapter 3: Understanding Design Patterns
23
Pattern Languages
23
Using Motivational User Stories to Discover Patterns
24
Motivational User Stories
25
Motivational Design Pattern Definition
26
How Users Perceive a Motivational Design Pattern
27
Pattern Discovery
28
Prototype Theory
29
On the Correctness of Patterns, or Lack Thereof
29
Pattern Description and Organization
30
Pattern Template
30
Shorthand Notations
31
Organization of Patterns
31
Motivational Design Patterns
31
Motivational Dark Patterns
34
Conclusion
34
Chapter 4: Gameful Patterns
35
When to Use
36
Pattern: Collection
37
How It’s Used
37
What to Watch for
38
Specialization of Collection: Badge
39
How It’s Used
39
What to Watch for
41
Pattern: Growth
42
How It’s Used
42
Pattern: Increased Responsibility
43
How It’s Used
43
Pattern: Leaderboard
46
How It’s Used
46
What to Watch for
47
Pattern: Score
48
How It’s Used
48
What to Watch for
49
Conclusion
52
Chapter 5: Social Patterns
53
When to Use
53
Pattern: Activity Stream
54
How It’s Used
54
Pattern: Broadcast
55
How It’s Used
55
What to Watch For
56
Specialization of Broadcast: Social Feedback
56
How It’s Used
56
What to Watch For
59
Pattern: Contact List
60
How It’s Used
60
What to Watch For
61
Pattern: Identifiable Community
62
How It’s Used
63
What to Watch For
63
Specialization of Identifiable Community: Meta-Area
64
How It’s Used
64
What to Watch For
65
Pattern: Identity Shaping
67
How It’s Used
67
What to Watch For
68
Pattern: Item Sharing
69
How It’s Used
69
Conclusion
70
Chapter 6: Interface Patterns
71
When to Use
71
Pattern: Notifications
72
How It’s Used
72
What to Watch For
73
Pattern: Praise
74
How It’s Used
74
What to Watch For
75
Pattern: Predictable Results
76
How It’s Used
76
What to Watch For
77
Pattern: State Preservation
77
How It’s Used
78
What to Watch For
79
Pattern: Undo
81
How It’s Used
81
Conclusion
81
Chapter 7: Information Patterns
83
When to Use
83
Pattern: Customization
84
How It’s Used
84
What to Watch For
85
Specialization of Customization: Filters
85
How It’s Used
85
What to Watch For
86
Pattern: Intriguing Branch
86
How It’s Used
86
Pattern: Organization of Information
87
How It’s Used
87
Pattern: Personalization
89
How It’s Used
89
What to Watch For
91
Pattern: Reporting
92
How It’s Used
92
Pattern: Search
92
How It’s Used
93
What to Watch For
95
Pattern: Task Queue
95
How It’s Used
95
What to Watch For
98
Conclusion
98
Chapter 8: Understanding Motivational Dark Patterns
100
Defining Motivational Dark Patterns
101
Using Dark Patterns Ethically: Give Users a Choice
101
Organization of Dark Patterns
102
Conclusion
102
Chapter 9: Temporal Dark Patterns
104
How to Avoid
104
Dark Pattern: Grind
105
How It’s Used
105
Dark Pattern: Hellbroadcast
108
How It’s Used
108
Dark Pattern: Interaction by Demand
109
How It’s Used
109
Conclusion
111
Chapter 10: Monetary Dark Patterns
112
How to Avoid
112
Dark Pattern: Currency Confusion
113
How It’s Used
113
Dark Pattern: Monetized Rivalries
115
How It’s Used
115
Dark Pattern: Pay to Skip
116
How It’s Used
117
Conclusion
118
Chapter 11: Social Capital Dark Patterns
119
How to Avoid
119
Dark Pattern: Impersonation
120
How It’s Used
120
Dark Pattern: Social Pyramid Schemes
123
How It’s Used
123
Conclusion
125
Chapter 12: Patterns as Analysis Tools
126
Case Study: Khan Academy
127
Patterns Used
127
In Detail
129
Task Queue
129
Score
132
Badge
134
Summary
136
Case Study: Tiny Tower
137
Patterns Used
140
In Detail
141
Notification
141
Growth
142
Score
142
Summary
143
Conclusion
143
Chapter 13: Patterns as Design Tools
144
Case Study: Web Site Built Around Voting
144
Problem Statement
145
Pattern Choice
145
Annotated Mock-ups
147
Case Study: Crowdsourced Game for Science
154
Problem Statement
154
Pattern Choice
154
Annotated Mock-ups
155
Conclusion
163
Chapter 14: The End Is the Beginning
164
Recap
164
What You’ve Learned
165
Moving Forward
165
Become a Champion for Motivation
166
Become the Enemy of Easy Answers
166
Document Your Own Patterns
166
Change the Design Process
167
The Secret Is There Is No Secret
167
Chapter 15: Bibliography
168
Index
178
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