Suchen und Finden
Anaphylaxis
von: J. Ring
Karger, 2010
ISBN: 9783805594424 , 255 Seiten
Format: PDF, ePUB, OL
Kopierschutz: DRM
Preis: 264,18 EUR
Cover
1
Contents
6
Preface
12
History and Epidemiology
28
History and Classification of Anaphylaxis
28
Abstract
28
History
29
Pathophysiology of Anaphylaxis
31
Clinical Symptomatology
33
Management of Anaphylaxis
36
Allergens and Elicitors
36
References
37
Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis
39
Abstract
39
Sources of Information on the Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis
39
Limitations
40
Causes of Anaphylaxis
40
Food
40
Drugs
42
Insect Venom Anaphylaxis
43
Biphasic Anaphylactic Reaction
44
Age
44
Atopy
45
Geography
45
Gender
45
Socioeconomic Status
46
References
46
Mechanisms
49
T-Cell Response to Allergens
49
Abstract
49
Allergen Recognition by the Immune System
50
Conclusion
64
Acknowledgements
64
References
64
Anaphylaxis: Mechanisms of Mast Cell Activation
72
Abstract
72
Use of Mouse Models to Study Anaphylaxis
73
IgE-Dependent Anaphylaxis: Fc?RI Signaling
76
Factors Modulating (or ‘Tuning’) Fc?RI-Dependent Mast Cell Functional Activation
84
Other Immune and Non-Immune Mechanisms of Anaphylaxis
88
Concluding Remarks
89
References
90
Kinins, Airway Obstruction, and Anaphylaxis
94
Abstract
94
Introduction
95
Proteins
96
Mechanisms of Bradykinin Formation (Contact Activation)
97
Cell Surface Assembly of the Plasma Kinin-Forming Cascade
99
Kinin Formation at the Surface of Endothelial Cells
100
Angioedema
100
C1 Inhibitor Deficiency
101
Acquired C1 Inhibitor Deficiency
104
Other Hereditary and Non-Hereditary Angioedemas
106
Kinins and Anaphylactic-Like Reactions
106
References
107
Role for Basophils in Systemic Anaphylaxis
112
Abstract
112
Biology of Basophils
112
Newly Identified Roles for Basophils
114
A Crucial Role for Basophils in Anaphylaxis
116
Perspective
122
References
122
Human Cardiac Mast Cells in Anaphylaxis
125
Abstract
125
Human Heart Mast Cells
126
Preformed Mediators Synthesized by HHMC
126
Lipid Mediators de novo Synthesized by HHMC
128
Cytokines Synthesized by HHMC
128
Immunologic and Non-Immunologic Stimuli that Activate HHMC in vitro
129
Role of HHMC in Systemic and Cardiac Anaphylaxis
130
Cardiovascular Effects of Histamine Infusion in Man
130
Effects of Activation of the H1 Receptor on Coronary Hemodynamics in Man
131
Hemodynamic Effects of Cysteinyl Leukotrienes in Man
132
Conclusions
132
Acknowledgements
133
References
134
Diagnosis and Clinical Symptomatology
137
Mastocytosis
137
Abstract
137
Description
138
Pathogenesis
138
Clinical Features
139
Mastocytosis and Anaphylaxis
143
Diagnosis
145
Therapy
146
Acknowledgement
149
References
150
In vitro Diagnosis of Anaphylaxis
152
Abstract
152
Diagnosis of Anaphylactic Reaction
153
Drugs
156
Latex
160
Anisakis Allergy
160
Insect Venom Allergy
160
Foods
161
Diagnosis by Components. Microarrays to Determine Specific IgE
163
Acknowledgements
164
References
164
Allergens and Elicitors
168
Insect Venoms
168
Abstract
168
Taxonomy and Biology of Responsible Insects
168
Allergens in Hymenoptera Venoms
172
Clinical Presentation of Anaphylaxis to Hymenoptera Venoms
175
Epidemiologic Aspects
175
Diagnosis
176
Prevention and Emergency Treatment
178
Immunotherapy
178
References
181
Classification and Pathophysiology of Radiocontrast Media Hypersensitivity
184
Abstract
184
Classification of Adverse Reactions to Radiographic Contrast Media
185
Clinical Presentation of Radiocontrast Media Hypersensitivity
186
Pathophysiology of Immediate Reactions
187
Pathophysiology of Non-Immediate Reactions
190
Diagnosis
192
Prevention
194
Acknowledgements
195
References
195
Analgesics
197
Abstract
197
Historical Note
197
Classification
200
Aspirin-Induced Asthma
200
Prevention and Treatment
202
Aspirin-Sensitive Urticaria/Angioedema
203
Hypersensitivity to Pyrazolones
203
Allergic Anaphylactic Reactions to NSAIDs
204
Acknowledgements
205
References
205
Anaphylaxis to General Anesthetics
207
Abstract
207
Epidemiology
208
Specific Clinical Features of Anesthesia Induced Anaphylaxis
208
Population at Risk
210
Causal Agents
210
Conclusion
215
References
215
Anaphylactic Reactions to Local Anesthetics
217
Abstract
217
Chemical Structure
218
Clinical Symptomatology
219
Toxicity
220
Pharmacologic Effect
220
Hypersensitivity Reactions
220
Results of Skin Test and Provocation Test Procedures
221
Psychosomatic Involvement
222
Reverse Placebo Provocation
223
Diagnostic Work-Up
224
Conclusion
224
Acknowledgement
225
References
226
Treatment and Prevention
228
Anaphylaxis: Acute Treatment and Management
228
Abstract
228
Basic General Treatment Modalities
229
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
230
Glucocorticosteroids
231
Antihistamines
232
Volume Replacement
232
Additional Drugs
233
General Management of Patients Having Undergone an Anaphylactic Reaction
233
References
234
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) in Anaphylaxis
238
Abstract
238
Pharmacologic Activity
239
Therapeutic Window
240
Epinephrine: Evidence Base for Use in Anaphylaxis
240
Epinephrine Dosing
241
Epinephrine Autoinjector Use in First-Aid Treatment
242
Alternative Routes of Epinephrine Administration for First-Aid Treatment
244
Reason for Failure to Inject Epinephrine Promptly
244
Reasons for Occasional Lack of Response to Epinephrine
245
Context of Epinephrine Use as First-Aid Treatment
245
Future Directions
246
References
247
Author Index
250
Subject Index
251
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