MHD Flows in Compact Astrophysical Objects - Accretion, Winds and Jets

Preface

Acknowledgments

Contents

Acronyms

Introduction

1 Hydrodynamical Limit---Classical Problems of Accretion and Ejection

Astrophysical Introduction---Accretion onto Compact Objects

Accretion Disks

Standard Model

ADAF, ADIOS, etc.

Main Properties of Transonic Hydrodynamical Flows

Basic Equations

Spherically Symmetric Flow

Potential Plane Flow

Nonrelativistic Axisymmetric Stationary Flows

Basic Equations

Mathematical Intermezzo---the Covariant Approach

Two-Dimensional Flow Structure

Bondi--Hoyle Accretion

Outflow from a Slowly Rotating Star

Axisymmetric Stationary Flows in the Vicinity of a Black Hole

Physical Intermezzo---(3+1)-Splitting in the Kerr Metric

Basic Equations

Exact Solutions

Bondi--Hoyle Accretion---The Relativistic Regime

Accretion onto a Slowly Rotating Black Hole

Accretion of Matter with Small Angular Momentum

Thin Transonic Disk

Conclusion

2 Force-Free Approximation---The Magnetosphere of Radio Pulsars

Astrophysical Introduction

Basic Physical Processes

Vacuum Approximation

Particle Generation in the Strong Magnetic Field

Magnetosphere Structure

Secondary Plasma Generation

``Inner Gap''

Neutron Star Surface

Propagation of -Quanta in the Superstrong Magnetic Field

General Relativity Effects

Particle Generation in the Magnetosphere

``Hollow Cone'' Model

Secondary Plasma Generation---``Outer Gap''

Pulsar Equation

Force-Free Approximation. The Magnetization Parameter

Integrals of Motion

Grad--Shafranov Equation

Mathematical Intermezzo---Quasistationary Formalism

Energy Losses of Radio Pulsars

Current Loss Mechanism

Slowing Down of Inclined and Orthogonal Rotators

Magnetosphere Structure

Exact Solutions

Magnetosphere Structure with Longitudinal Currents

Magnetosphere Models

Conclusion

3 Force-Free Approximation---The Black Hole Magnetosphere

Astrophysical Introduction---The Central Engine in Active Galactic Nuclei

Possible Mechanisms of Black Hole Formation

Nature of Activity and Variability

Magnetized Accretion Disk

Regular Magnetic Field Generation

Basic Equations

(3+1)-Splitting for the Electromagnetic Field

``No Hair'' Theorem

Vacuum Approximation

Force-Free Grad--Shafranov Equation in the Kerr Metric

Particle Generation

Energy Release Mechanism

Blandford--Znajek Process

Physical Intermezzo---Black Hole Thermodynamics

Black Hole Magnetosphere Structure

General Properties

Exact Solutions

Magnetosphere Models

Conclusion

4 Full MHD Version---General Properties

Physical Introduction---Magnetohydrodynamic Waves

Relativistic Flows in the Kerr Metric

Integrals of Motion

Singular Surfaces

Grad--Shafranov Equation

Special Cases

Nonrelativistic Flows

Anisotropic Pressure

General Properties

Some Useful Relations

Alfvén Surface

Fast Magnetosonic Surface---Relativistic Flows

Fast Magnetosonic Surface---Nonrelativistic Flows

Behavior of the Solution at Large Distances

Behavior of the Solution in the Vicinity of the Horizon

5 Full MHD Version---Particle Acceleration and Collimation

Astrophysical Introduction

Radio Pulsars

Active Galactic Nuclei

Young Stellar Objects

Microquasars, Cosmological Gamma-Bursters, etc.

Cylindrical Flows

Cylindrical Jets---The Force-Free Approximation

Relativistic Jets

Nonrelativistic Jets

General Properties and Application

Cold Quasimonopole Outflows

Relativistic Slowly Rotating Outflows

Relativistic Outflows with Differential Rotation

Nonrelativistic Slowly Rotating Outflows

Relativistic Fast-Rotating Outflow

Relativistic Outflow in the Parabolic Magnetic Field

General Properties

Black Hole Magnetosphere

Slowly Rotating Black Hole Surrounded by a Thin Disk

Slowly Rotating Black Hole Surrounded by a Rotating Shell

Other Methods

Analysis of the Algebraic Relations

Self-Similar Solutions

Computational Results

Conclusion

6 Conclusion

A From Euler to Grad--Shafranov---The Simplest Way

B Nonrelativistic Force-Free Grad--Shafranov Equation

C Part-Time Job Pulsars

D Special Functions

Legendre Polynomials

Bessel Functions

Hypergeometric Function

E List of Symbols

References

Index