Suchen und Finden
Preface
7
Contents
10
Part I Partial Differential Equations
19
Basic Concepts
20
1.1 Introduction
20
1.2 Definitions
21
1.3 Classifications of a Second-order PDE
31
References
34
First-order Partial Differential Equations
35
2.1 Introduction
35
2.2 Adomian Decomposition Method
35
2.3 The Noise Terms Phenomenon
52
2.4 The Modified Decomposition Method
57
2.5 The Variational Iteration Method
63
2.6 Method of Characteristics
70
2.7 Systems of Linear PDEs by Adomian Method
75
2.8 Systems of Linear PDEs by Variational Iteration Method
79
References
84
One Dimensional Heat Flow
85
3.1 Introduction
85
3.2 The Adomian Decomposition Method
86
3.3 The Variational Iteration Method
99
3.4 Method of Separation of Variables
105
References
122
Higher Dimensional Heat Flow
123
4.1 Introduction
123
4.2 Adomian Decomposition Method
124
4.3 Method of Separation of Variables
140
References
156
One DimensionalWave Equation
158
5.1 Introduction
158
5.2 Adomian Decomposition Method
159
5.3 The Variational Iteration Method
177
5.4 Method of Separation of Variables
189
5.5 Wave Equation in an Infinite Domain: D’Alembert Solution
205
References
209
Higher Dimensional Wave Equation
210
6.1 Introduction
210
6.2 Adomian Decomposition Method
210
6.3 Method of Separation of Variables
235
References
251
Laplace’s Equation
252
7.1 Introduction
252
7.2 Adomian Decomposition Method
253
7.3 The Variational Iteration Method
262
7.4 Method of Separation of Variables
266
7.5 Laplace’s Equation in Polar Coordinates
282
References
298
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
300
8.1 Introduction
300
8.2 Adomian Decomposition Method
302
8.3 Nonlinear ODEs by Adomian Method
316
8.4 Nonlinear ODEs by VIM
327
8.5 Nonlinear PDEs by Adomian Method
334
8.6 Nonlinear PDEs by VIM
349
8.7 Nonlinear PDEs Systems by Adomian Method
356
8.8 Systems of Nonlinear PDEs by VIM
362
References
366
Linear and Nonlinear Physical Models
367
9.1 Introduction
367
9.2 The Nonlinear Advection Problem
368
9.3 The Goursat Problem
374
9.4 The Klein-Gordon Equation
384
9.5 The Burgers Equation
395
9.6 The Telegraph Equation
402
9.7 Schrodinger Equation
408
9.8 Korteweg-deVries Equation
415
9.9 Fourth-order Parabolic Equation
419
References
427
Numerical Applications and Pad ´ e Approximants
428
10.1 Introduction
428
10.2 Ordinary Differential Equations
429
10.3 Partial Differential Equations
440
10.4 The Pad ´e Approximants
443
10.5 Pad ´e Approximants and Boundary Value Problems
452
References
468
Solitons and Compactons
469
11.1 Introduction
469
11.2 Solitons
471
11.3 Compactons
481
11.4 The Defocusing Branch of K(n,n)
486
References
487
Part II Solitray Waves Theory
488
Solitary Waves Theory
489
12.1 Introduction
489
12.2 Definitions
490
12.3 Analysis of the Methods
501
12.4 Conservation Laws
506
References
512
The Family of the KdV Equations
513
13.1 Introduction
513
13.2 The Family of the KdV Equations
515
13.3 The KdV Equation
517
13.4 The Modified KdV Equation
528
13.5 Singular Soliton Solutions
533
13.6 The Generalized KdV Equation
536
13.7 The Potential KdV Equation
538
13.8 The Gardner Equation
543
13.9 Generalized KdV Equation with Two Power Nonlinearities
552
13.10 Compactons: Solitons with Compact Support
554
13.11 Variants of the K(n,n) Equation
557
13.12 Compacton-like Solutions
563
References
565
KdV and mKdV Equations of Higher-orders
567
14.1 Introduction
567
14.2 Family of Higher-order KdV Equations
568
14.3 Fifth-order KdV Equations
572
14.4 Seventh-order KdV Equations
586
14.5 Ninth-order KdV Equations
592
14.6 Family of Higher-order mKdV Equations
595
14.7 Complex Solution for the Seventh-order mKdV Equations
601
14.8 The Hirota-Satsuma Equations
602
14.9 Generalized Short Wave Equation
607
References
612
Family of KdV-type Equations
614
15.1 Introduction
614
15.2 The Complex Modified KdV Equation
615
15.3 The Benjamin-Bona-Mahony Equation
621
15.4 The Medium Equal Width (MEW) Equation
624
15.5 The Kawahara and the Modified Kawahara Equations
626
15.6 The Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) Equation
629
15.7 The Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) Equation
635
15.8 The Benjamin-Ono Equation
638
15.9 The KdV-Burgers Equation
639
15.10 Seventh-order KdV Equation
641
15.11 Ninth-order KdV Equation
643
References
646
Boussinesq, Klein-Gordon and Liouville Equations
647
16.1 Introduction
647
16.2 The Boussinesq Equation
649
16.3 The Improved Boussinesq Equation
654
16.4 The Klein-Gordon Equation
656
16.5 The Liouville Equation
657
16.6 The Sine-Gordon Equation
659
16.7 The Sinh-Gordon Equation
665
16.8 The Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov Equation
666
16.9 The Tzitzeica-Dodd-Bullough Equation
667
16.10 The Zhiber-Shabat Equation
669
References
670
Burgers, Fisher and Related Equations
672
17.1 Introduction
672
17.2 The Burgers Equation
673
17.3 The Fisher Equation
677
17.4 The Huxley Equation
678
17.5 The Burgers-Fisher Equation
680
17.6 The Burgers-Huxley Equation
680
17.7 The FitzHugh-Nagumo Equation
682
17.8 Parabolic Equation with Exponential Nonlinearity
683
17.9 The Coupled Burgers Equation
685
17.10 The Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) Equation
687
References
688
Families of Camassa-Holm and Schrodinger Equations
689
18.1 Introduction
689
18.2 The Family of Camassa-Holm Equations
692
18.3 Schrodinger Equation of Cubic Nonlinearity
695
18.4 Schrodinger Equation with Power Law Nonlinearity
696
18.5 The Ginzburg-Landau Equation
698
References
702
Indefinite Integrals
704
A.1 Fundamental Forms
704
A.2 Trigonometric Forms
705
A.3 Inverse Trigonometric Forms
705
A.4 Exponential and Logarithmic Forms
706
A.5 Hyperbolic Forms
706
A.6 Other Forms
707
Series
708
B.1 Exponential Functions
708
B.2 Trigonometric Functions
708
B.3 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
709
B.4 Hyperbolic Functions
709
B.5 Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
709
Exact Solutions of Burgers’ Equation
710
Pade Approximants for Well-Known Functions
712
D.1 Exponential Functions
712
D.2 Trigonometric Functions
712
D.3 Hyperbolic Functions
714
D.4 Logarithmic Functions
714
The Error and Gamma Functions
716
E.1 The Error function
716
E.2 The Gamma function
716
Infinite Series
717
F.1 Numerical Series
717
F.2 Trigonometric Series
718
Answers
720
Index
743
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