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Fire Debris Analysis
von: Eric Stauffer, Julia A. Dolan, Reta Newman
Elsevier Trade Monographs, 2007
ISBN: 9780080556260 , 672 Seiten
Format: PDF, ePUB, OL
Kopierschutz: DRM
Preis: 83,95 EUR
Front cover
1
Fire Debris Analysis
4
Copyright page
5
Table of contents
6
Biographies
18
Preface
22
Acknowledgments
26
Foreword
30
CHAPTER 1: Introduction
34
1.1 THE OTHER USE OF GASOLINE AND DIESEL FUEL
34
1.2 FIRE INVESTIGATION
38
1.3 WHAT IS FIRE DEBRIS ANALYSIS?
42
1.4 WHO PERFORMS FIRE DEBRIS ANALYSIS?
47
REFERENCES
49
CHAPTER 2: History
52
2.1 PREAMBLE
52
2.2 SAMPLE ANALYSIS
61
2.3 SAMPLE EXTRACTION
66
2.4 STUDY OF INTERFERENCES
74
REFERENCES
78
CHAPTER 3: Review of Basic Organic Chemistry
82
3.1 INTRODUCTION
82
3.2 CHEMICAL BONDS
83
3.3 CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
91
3.4 IUPAC NOMENCLATURE
103
REFERENCES
114
CHAPTER 4: Chemistry and Physics of Fire and Liquid Fuels
118
4.1 DEFINITION OF FIRE
118
4.2 COMBUSTION
121
4.3 PHASE CHANGES
127
4.4 PYROLYSIS
129
4.5 FIRE DEVELOPMENT
133
4.6 LIQUID FUEL PROPERTIES
138
REFERENCES
160
CHAPTER 5: Detection of Ignitable Liquid Residues at Fire Scenes
164
5.1 INTRODUCTION
164
5.2 BURN PATTERNS
166
5.3 ELECTRONIC SNIFFERS
171
5.4 COLORIMETRIC TUBES
178
5.5 ACCELERANT DETECTION CANINES
180
5.6 IGNITABLE LIQUID ABSORBENT
184
5.7 ULTRAVIOLET DETECTION
188
5.8 PORTABLE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPH (-MASS SPECTROMETER)
191
REFERENCES
192
CHAPTER 6: Sample Collection
196
6.1 INTRODUCTION
196
6.2 SAMPLE SELECTION
197
6.3 SAMPLE REMOVAL
201
6.4 SAMPLE PACKAGING
211
6.5 EVIDENCE ADMINISTRATION AND TRANSPORTATION
226
REFERENCES
228
CHAPTER 7: Flammable and Combustible Liquids
232
7.1 INTRODUCTION
232
7.2 HISTORY
233
7.3 SOURCES OF CRUDE OIL
233
7.4 COMPOSITION OF CRUDE OIL
235
7.5 REFINING PROCESSES
236
7.6 PETROLEUM PRODUCT PROPERTIES
250
7.7 THE ASTM CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
259
REFERENCES
265
CHAPTER 8: Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
268
8.1 INTRODUCTION
268
8.2 CHROMATOGRAPHIC THEORY
269
8.3 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
278
8.4 MASS SPECTROMETRY
298
8.5 PARAMETERS USED IN FIRE DEBRIS ANALYSIS
305
8.6 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION METHODS IN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY
306
REFERENCES
324
CHAPTER 9: Interpretation of Data Obtained from Neat Ignitable Liquids
328
9.1 INTRODUCTION
328
9.2 PETROLEUM v. NONPETROLEUM IGNITABLE LIQUIDS
330
9.3 BOILING POINT RANGE
331
9.4 PETROLEUM-BASED IGNITABLE LIQUIDS
335
9.5 GASOLINE
355
9.6 PETROLEUM DISTILLATES
360
9.7 ISOPARAFFINIC PRODUCTS
364
9.8 NAPHTHENIC PARAFFINIC PRODUCTS
366
9.9 NORMAL-ALKANE PRODUCTS
367
9.10 AROMATIC PRODUCTS
371
9.11 NONPETROLEUM-BASED IGNITABLE LIQUIDS
373
9.12 IGNITABLE LIQUID IDENTIFICATION SCHEME
374
9.13 COMPARISON OF IGNITABLE LIQUIDS
380
REFERENCES
384
CHAPTER 10: Preliminary Examination of Evidence
388
10.1 INTRODUCTION
388
10.2 DOCUMENTATION
388
10.3 INITIAL OBSERVATION
392
10.4 OTHER FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS
394
10.5 DETAILED OBSERVATIONS
403
REFERENCES
408
CHAPTER 11: Extraction of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris
410
11.1 INTRODUCTION
410
11.2 DISTILLATION TECHNIQUES
412
11.3 SOLVENT EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES
420
11.4 HEADSPACE TECHNIQUE
428
11.5 ADSORPTION TECHNIQUES
432
11.6 CHOOSING THE RIGHT TECHNIQUE
465
REFERENCES
470
CHAPTER 12: Interpretation of Ignitable Liquid Residues Extracted from Fire Debris
474
12.1 INTRODUCTION
474
12.2 MATERIALS CONSTITUTING SUBSTRATES
479
12.3 CONCEPT OF INTERFERING PRODUCTS
485
12.4 OTHER INFLUENCES ON ILR
501
12.5 INTERPRETATION KEY
507
REFERENCES
525
CHAPTER 13: Other Techniques of Analysis and the Future of Fire Debris Analysis
528
13.1 INTRODUCTION
528
13.2 COMPREHENSIVE TWO-DIMENSIONAL GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY (GCxGC–MS)
530
13.3 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY/MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC–MS/MS)
542
13.4 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC–IRMS)
545
13.5 ELECTRON IONIZATION FOURIER TRANSFORM ION CYCLOTRON RESONANCE (EI FT–ICR)
547
13.6 VAPOR PHASE ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY
550
13.7 SECOND DERIVATIVE ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROMETRY
553
13.8 THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY (TLC)
553
13.9 AROMA DETECTION TECHNOLOGY
554
13.10 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
555
REFERENCES
557
CHAPTER 14: Other Possible Examinations Conducted on Fire Debris
562
14.1 INTRODUCTION
562
14.2 VEGETABLE OIL RESIDUES (VOR)
563
14.3 VEHICLE FLUIDS
579
14.4 FLARE (FUSEE) RESIDUES
591
14.5 HOMEMADE CHEMICAL BOMBS (HCBS)
595
14.6 FLASH POINT
600
REFERENCES
608
CHAPTER 15: Education, Training, and Certification
612
15.1 INTRODUCTION
612
15.2 PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS
613
15.3 EDUCATION
614
15.4 TRAINING
615
15.5 CONTINUING EDUCATION
621
15.6 MEASURE OF COMPETENCE
622
15.7 CERTIFICATION
624
REFERENCES
628
CHAPTER 16: Standardization
630
16.1 INTRODUCTION
630
16.2 DEFINITION OF STANDARDIZATION
632
16.3 ASTM TECHNICAL COMMITTEE STRUCTURE
632
16.4 ASTM STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
634
16.5 TYPES OF STANDARDS
634
16.6 STANDARD PRACTICES FOR FIRE DEBRIS ANALYSIS
636
16.7 STANDARD TEST METHODS FOR FIRE DEBRIS ANALYSIS
636
REFERENCES
638
CHAPTER 17: Accreditation
640
17.1 INTRODUCTION
640
17.2 ASCLD/LAB
642
17.3 ASCLD/LAB LEGACY PROGRAM
643
17.4 ISO/IEC 17025
646
REFERENCES
648
Abbreviations
650
Index
658
Color Plates
668
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