Suchen und Finden
Handbook of Pediatric Transfusion Medicine
von: Ronald Strauss, Naomi Luban, Christopher Hillyer
Elsevier Trade Monographs, 2004
ISBN: 9780080491431 , 415 Seiten
Format: PDF, ePUB, OL
Kopierschutz: DRM
Preis: 124,00 EUR
Front Cover
1
Handbook of Pediatric Transfusion Medicine
4
Copyright Page
5
Table of Contents
8
Preface
14
Acknowledgments
16
About the Editors
18
List of Contributors
20
Chapter 1. Blood Donation
22
Overview
22
Donor Recruitment
22
Autologous Donation
23
Directed Donation
24
Limited Donor Exposure
24
Blood Collection
24
Apheresis
29
Plasmapheresis
29
References
29
Chapter 2. Component Preparation and Storage
32
Introduction
32
Unique Transfusion Needs of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
32
Blood Donation Issues
38
Anticoagulant-Preservative Solutions
39
Individual Components for Transfusion
40
Record Keeping for Component Preparation
43
Storage of Blood and Blood Products
44
Summary
45
References
45
Chapter 3. Blood Components
48
Introduction
48
Whole Blood and Packed Red Blood Cells
48
Platelets
52
Granulocytes
54
Plasma Products
55
Cryoprecipitate
57
Ordering
57
Coagulation Factors
58
Albumin
59
Gamma-Globulins
60
References
63
Chapter 4. Red Blood Cell Antigens and Human Blood Groups
66
Introduction
66
ABO Blood Group System
66
RH Blood Group System
68
Kell Blood Group System
69
Duffy Blood Group System
70
Clinical Significance
70
Kidd Blood Group System
70
MNS Blood Group System
71
P Blood Group System
72
Lutheran Blood Group System
72
Lewis Blood Group System
73
Diego Blood Group System
74
Cartwright Blood Group System
74
Xg Blood Group System
74
Scianna Blood Group System
75
Dombrock Blood Group System
75
Colton Blood Group
76
LW Blood Group System
77
Chido-Rogers Blood Group System
77
Hh Blood Group System
77
XK Blood Group System
78
Gerbich Blood Group System
78
Cromer Blood Group System
78
Knops Blood Group System
79
Indian Blood Group System
79
Ok Blood Group System
79
RAPH Blood Group System
79
JMH Blood Group System
80
Cost Blood Group Collection
80
Er Blood Group Collection
80
Ii Blood Group Collection
80
Globoside Collection
81
Low-Prevalence Antigens
81
High-Prevalence Antigens
82
References
82
Chapter 5. Pretransfusion Compatibility Testing
84
Introduction
84
ABO(H)
84
Rh(D)
86
Other Red Cell Antigens
87
Direct Antiglobulin Test
88
Antibody Detection Test (Screen)
88
Crossmatch (XM)
90
Turnaround Times
91
Suggested Reading
92
References
82
Chapter 6. Serologic Investigation of Unexpected Antibodies
94
Introduction
94
Common Antibody Identification Methods
94
Process for Evaluation of Positive Antibody Detection Tests
98
References
104
Chapter 7. Leukoreduced Products: Prevention of Leukocyte-Related Transfusion-Associated Adverse Effects
106
Introduction
106
Rationale for Leukoreduction of Blood Components
106
Specific Indications for LR Products
106
Contraindications, Side Effects, and Hazards
109
Leukoreduction Technologies
109
Products, Standards, and Quality Control
110
Universal Leukoreduction
110
Leukoreduced Blood Products and Pediatric Transfusion Medicine
111
References
111
Chapter 8. Preparation of Blood Components to Reduce Cytomegalovirus and Other Infectious Risks
114
Introduction
114
Red Blood Cell and Platelet Components with Reduced Infectious Risks
114
Plasma Components, Derivatives, and Factors to Eliminate Pathogens
118
Nucleic Acid Targeted Inactivation Strategies
118
Summary
119
References
119
Chapter 9. Irradiated Products
122
History
122
Pathogenesis
122
Clinical Manifestations
123
Diagnosis of TA-GVHD
123
Time Course of Microchimerism
123
Groups at Risk
124
The Irradiation Process
124
Instrumentation for Irradiation
125
Components to be Irradiated
126
Storage of Red Cells and Platelets after Irradiation
127
Selection of Radiation Dose
128
Quality Assurance Measures
129
Confrming That Irradiation Occurred
129
New Methods in the Prevention of TA-GVHD
130
Treatment of TA-GVHD
131
References
131
Chapter 10. Washed and/or Volume- Reduced Blood Components
134
Introduction
134
Washed Red Blood Cells
134
Washed And Volume-Reduced Platelet Concentrates
138
References
140
Chapter 11. Technical Considerations/Mechanical Devices
142
Introduction
142
Intravenous Delivery Systems for Blood and Components
142
Exchange Transfusion in the Newborn
147
References
149
Chapter 12. Red Blood Cell Transfusions in the Neonate, Infant, Child, and Adolescent
152
Introduction
152
RBC Transfusions for Children and Adolescents
152
RBC Transfusions for Neonates and Infants
154
References
156
Chapter 13. Transfusion of the Pediatric Surgery, Trauma, and Intensive Care Unit Patient
158
Abstract
158
Age, Size, and Rate of Transfusion
158
Red Blood Cell Transfusion
160
Platelet Transfusions
161
Cryoprecipitate and Fresh Frozen Plasma
163
Hemostatic Agents in Acute Care
167
References
168
Chapter 14. Pediatric Transfusion in Developing Countries
170
Introduction
170
Special Transfusion Issues in Resource-Restricted Countries
170
Blood Collection and Processing in Developing Countries
172
Risks of Infectious Disease Transmission by Transfusion
174
Current Transfusion Practices
176
Prevention Measures to Reduce Need for Transfusion
177
References
177
Chapter 15. Exchange Transfusion in the Infant
180
Introduction
180
Rationale and Indications
180
Procedure
182
Selection of Donor Blood
183
Complications
184
References
185
Chapter 16. Granulocyte Transfusions in the Neonate and Child
188
Abstract
188
Introduction
188
Myelopoiesis
189
Neonatal Neutropenia and Dysfunction
189
Childhood Neutropenia
190
Mobilization of Donor Granulocytes
192
Therapeutic Granulocyte Transfusions in Children and Adults
194
Granulocyte Transfusion in the Neonate
198
Summary and Recommendations of Granulocyte Transfusions
199
References
200
Chapter 17. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Cardiopulmonary Bypass
202
Introduction
202
Circuit for ECMO and CPB
202
ECMO
204
CPB
207
Summary
209
References
209
Chapter 18. Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
212
Introduction
212
Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Disease
212
Rh Hemolytic Disease
213
ABO Hemolytic Disease
215
Hemolytic Disease Due to Other Red Cell Antibodies
216
T Activation
219
Autoimmune Hemolytic Disease
220
Red Cell Enzyme Deficiencies
220
Red Cell Membrane Defects
221
Disorders of Hemoglobin Synthesis
222
Other Causes of Hemolytic Disease in Neonates
223
Therapy
223
References
228
Chapter 19. Hemoglobinopathies
230
Introduction
230
Sickle Cell Disease
230
Thalassemias
238
References
239
Chapter 20. The Bleeding Child: Congenital and Acquired Disorders
242
Abstract
242
Introduction
242
Coagulation Overview
242
Clinical Evaluation of Bleeding Problems
243
Laboratory Evaluation
244
Specific Factor Assays
246
Inherited Coagulation Disorders
246
Acquired Hemorrhagic Disorders
259
References
262
Chapter 21. Transfusion of the Patient with Autoimmune Hemolysis
266
Introduction
266
Clinical Presentation and Laboratory Findings
266
Classification
266
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
267
Cold Agglutinin Syndrome
268
Mixed-Type Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
269
Drug-Induced Hemolytic Anemia
269
Less Common Types of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
270
Transfusion Therapy in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
271
References
272
Chapter 22. Platelet Transfusions in the Infant and Child
274
Introduction
274
Platelet Products and Special Preparations
274
Platelet Transfusions in Children
277
Platelet Transfusions in Neonates
280
Reactions to Platelet Transfusions
284
Potential Alternatives to Platelet Transfusions
286
References
286
Chapter 23. Bone Marrow–Derived Stem Cells
292
Introduction
292
Product Description
292
Collection and Storage
294
Special Preparation and Processing
295
Expected Response
299
Alternative HPC Sources
300
References
301
Chapter 24. Peripheral Blood Stem Cells
304
Introduction
304
Product Description
304
Collection
306
Special Preparation
308
Ordering and Administration
311
Potential Adverse Effects
312
Alternative HPC Sources
313
References
313
Chapter 25. Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells
316
Introduction
316
Collection, Storage, and Handling
316
Clinical Applications
318
References
320
Chapter 26. Transfusion Reactions
322
Introduction
322
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
322
Febrile Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reactions
328
Allergic Transfusion Reactions
330
Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
332
Special Considerations for Newborn Infants
335
References
336
Chapter 27. Noninfectious Complications of Pediatric Transfusion
338
Introduction
338
Transfusion Reactions
338
Metabolic Complications
341
Cardiac Overload
343
Alloimmunization
343
T Antigen Activation
343
Dilutional Coagulopathy
344
Complications of Iron Overload from Chronic Transfusion
344
References
346
Chapter 28. Infectious Complications
350
Introduction
350
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
350
Hepatitis
352
Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV)
354
Cytomegalovirus
355
Parvovirus B19
356
Parasitic Infections
357
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
358
Bacterial Infections
358
References
360
Chapter 29. Therapeutic Apheresis
364
Introduction
364
Goals of Therapeutic Apheresis
364
Indication Categories
366
Physiology and Adverse Effects
367
General Approach to Pediatric Patients Needing Therapeutic Apheresis
368
Planning Pediatric Procedures
369
Vascular Access
369
Hemodynamic Challenges
370
Procedural Modifications for Pediatric Patients
370
Summary
372
Suggested Reading
372
Chapter 30. Therapeutic Cytapheresis
374
Introduction
374
Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines
374
General Technical Considerations for Pediatrics
375
Erythrocytapheresis/Red Cell Exchange Transfusion
375
Leukapheresis
380
Plateletpheresis (Thrombocytapheresis)
382
Adverse Reactions
383
References
384
Chapter 31. Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: Rationales and Indications
386
Introduction
386
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
386
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
388
Sydenham’s Chorea and PANDAS
389
Rasmussen’s Encephalitis
390
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
390
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
391
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
391
Refsum’s Disease
392
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
392
Solid Organ Transplantation
393
Other Diseases
394
Summary
395
References
395
Appendix. Transfusion Formulas
396
Approximate Blood Volumes (BV)
396
Plasma Volume (PV)
396
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Transfusion
396
Estimation of Blood Volume Exchanged
396
Partial Exchange Transfusion for Polycythemia
397
Exchange Transfusion for Anemia
397
Preparation of Blood Product with Specific Hct Using FFP
397
Platelet Transfusion
397
Coagulation
397
Massive Transfusions
398
Composition of Anticoagulants
398
Index
400
Alle Preise verstehen sich inklusive der gesetzlichen MwSt.