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Front cover
1
Half title page
2
Dedication
3
Title page
4
Copyright page
5
Table of contents
6
Introduction: The Global Financial System and the Problems of Regulation
12
The Rationale for Regulation
13
The Regulation of Financial Institutions and Markets
14
The Case for International Regulation
18
Who Sets the Standards?
22
How to Use This Book
23
References
26
Chapter 1: The Changing Nature of Banks
28
Definitions
29
Money, Credit Creation, and Fractional Reserve Banking
30
Financial Innovation and the Changing Nature of Banks
34
Three Distinctive Features of Modern Banking
38
References
44
Further Reading
44
Chapter 2: Panics, Bank Runs, and Coordination Problems
46
The Structure of Banks’ Balance Sheets
47
Coordination Problems and Bank Runs
51
Panic and Contagion in Modern Financial Systems
54
Free Riders and Regulation
59
References
61
Further Reading
61
Chapter 3: Collapsing Dominos and Asset Price Spirals
62
Collapsing Dominos
63
Asset Price Spirals
69
The Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009
72
References
76
Further Reading
76
Chapter 4: The Financial Safety Net and Moral Hazard
78
The Financial Safety Net
80
Moral Hazard
87
Is There an Alternative?
94
References
97
Further Reading
99
Chapter 5: Sources of Financial Regulation
100
National Laws
101
International Law
103
References
114
Further Reading
115
Chapter 6: Bank Licensing and Corporate Governance
116
The Purpose of Bank Licensing
119
The Fundamentals of Bank Licensing
122
Fitness and Propriety of Bank Management
124
Significant Changes in Ownership
126
Choice of Bank Charter
127
Cross-Border Issues
130
Principles of Sound Corporate Governance
132
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
134
References
136
Further Reading
137
Chapter 7: Banks in Corporate Groups: Ownershipand Affiliation
138
Bank-Commerce Linkages
139
The Separation of Banking and Finance
148
Changes to Structural Regulation of the Combination of Banking and Other Financial Services
151
References
156
Further Reading
157
Chapter 8: The Rationale for Bank Capital Regulation
158
Why Regulate Bank Capital?
159
Leverage Ratios
162
Risk-Weighted Capital
164
Criticisms of Basel I
168
References
171
Chapter 9: The New Capital Adequacy Framework: Basel II andCredit Risk
174
The Standardized Approach
176
The Internal Ratings-Based (IRB) Approaches
179
Dealing with Financial Innovation
186
References
191
Further Reading
191
Chapter 10: The New Capital Adequacy Framework: Basel II andOther Risks
192
Market Risk
193
Operational Risks
201
Pillar 2 Risks
204
References
209
Further Reading
209
Chapter 11: Direct Limits on Banks’ Risk Taking
210
Credit Concentration Risk
211
Liquidity Risk
220
References
229
Chapter 12: Consolidated Supervision and Financial Conglomerates
232
What Is Consolidated Supervision?
235
The Need for Consolidated Supervision
238
Consolidated Supervision of Cross-Border Banks
242
Financial Conglomerates
243
References
249
Chapter 13: Anti-Money Laundering
250
What Is Money Laundering?
251
The Impact on Banks
252
International Response
253
Banco Delta Asia Case Study
262
References
265
Further Reading
266
Chapter 14: Bank Insolvency
268
The Goals and Types of Bank Insolvency Regimes
270
Legal Framework for Bank Insolvency
272
Determination of Insolvency
272
Administration Orders and Conservatorships
273
Receivership
274
References
285
Further Reading
285
Chapter 15: Institutional Structures of Regulation
286
Institutional and Functional Regulation
287
Rise of the Integrated Regulator
292
Twin Peaks (Objectives) Approach
294
Role of the Central Bank in Bank Supervision
296
Evaluation of Structural Reforms
300
References
303
Further Reading
304
Chapter 16: Regulation After the Global Financial Crisis
306
The Causes of the Crisis
307
Rethinking the Assumptions of Regulation
311
New Directions in Capital Adequacy
313
More Radical Options
316
The International Dimension
319
References
321
Appendix: Introduction to Regulation and Market Failure
324
Externalities
325
Information Asymmetry
327
Index
334
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