Pediatric Infectious Diseases Revisited

Contents

List of contributors

Preface

Glossary

Global control of infectious diseases by vaccination programs

Abstract

Introduction

Immunization policies and strategies

Current status, remaining problems, and progress achieved

Brief updates on priority current, under-used and new vaccines

References

Abstract

Introduction

Potential impact of rotavirus vaccination on the mortality of children in developing countries

Burden of rotavirus disease

Epidemiology of rotavirus in young children

Characteristics of rotavirus important for vaccine development

Pathogenesis and clinical presentation

Immunity against rotavirus infection

Rotavirus vaccine development

Challenges to rotavirus vaccine development

References

Controversially discussed indications for immunization

Abstract

Introduction

Immunization is safe and one of the most effective disease prevention measures

Indications for the immunization of selected risk groups

Contraindications and false contraindications

References

Gonorrheal ophthalmia neonatorum: Historic impact of Credé’s eye prophylaxis

Abstract

The endangered eyesight

Carl Siegmund Franz Credé, introducer of the antiseptic eye prophylaxis with silver nitrate

“Prevention of Inflammatory eye disease in the newborn. Information from the Maternity Clinic Leipzig by Credé” [22]

Ludwig Sigesmund Albert Neisser and insights into etiology and pathophysiology of gonorrhea at Credé’s time

Discussion of Credé’s activities and his “four publications with the same title”

Credé’s prophylaxis today

Some confusion about Carl Credé?

Addendum

References

Malnutrition and infection in industrialized countries

Abstract

Introduction

Pathophysiology of malnutrition

Immune dysfunction and malnutrition

Specific micronutrient deficiencies

Malnutrition syndromes of childhood

Chronic infection

References

Better education through improved health and nutrition: implications for early childhood development programs in developing countries

Abstract

Introduction

Health and nutrition problems in preschool children

Impact of health and nutrition on school readiness

Programmatic responses

Interventions: What works?

Health or education interventions: Targeting disease or symptoms?

Promoting equity through preschool health interventions

Conclusions

References

Early childhood caries and childhood periodontal diseases

Abstract

Introduction

Early childhood caries

Childhood periodontal diseases

References

Role of the blood-brain barrier and blood-CSF barrier in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis

Abstract

Introduction

Bacterial meningitis

The pathogenetic cascade

The blood-CNS barriers

Gateways into the brain

Experimental models for blood-CNS-barrier observations

Microbial translocation across the blood-CNS barrier

Interactions between bacteria and blood-CNS barrier cells

BBB disruption and pleocytosis

Immunological properties of the blood-CNS barrier

Conclusion

References

The molecular basis of paediatric malarial disease

Abstract

Introduction

Severe malaria in children compared to adults

How might P. falciparum cause this complex disease?

Metabolic acidosis in falciparum malaria

Neurological involvement in malaria

Red cell abnormalities and malaria

Potential therapies directed at disease mechanisms

References

Epidemiology and etiology of Kawasaki disease

Abstract

Introduction

Diagnostic criteria and diagnostic approach

Epidemiology

Pathology

Etiology

References

Helicobacter pylori infection in children

Abstract

Introduction

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis

Clinical presentation

Helicobacter pylori and abdominal pain

H. pylori and gastroesophageal reflux disease

Extragastric manifestations of H. pylori infection in children

Refractory iron-deficiency and H. pylori infection

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia and H. pylori infection

Investigations

Antibiotic resistance

Treatment

Conclusion

References

Human metapneumovirus infection

Abstract

Background

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis and host response

Diagnosis

Clinical characteristics

Vaccination

Conclusions

References

Avian influenza viruses: a severe threat of a pandemic in children?

Abstract

Introduction

Influenza virus

Pandemic influenza

Avian influenza virus

Spread of H5N1 influenza in avian populations

Epidemiology and clinical features of avian influenza in children

Clinical presentation and outcome

Diagnosis

Treatment

Vaccines

Summary

References

Human papillomavirus infections in children

Abstract

Introduction

Biology of the HPV

Demographics and epidemiology

Natural history

Diagnosis of warts

Defining wart types

Host response (Tab. 3)

Host side effects of note

Conditions with excessive numbers of warts

Malignant conversion of HPV

Role of HPV in non-wart skin conditions

Differential diagnosis

Genital HPV infection

Conclusions

References

New treatments for hepatitis B and C in children and adolescents

Abstract

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis C

References

Invasive fungal infections in children: advances and perspectives

Abstract

Introduction

Host biology: Aspects unique to pediatric patients

Pediatric populations at risk for invasive infections

Epidemiology and presentation of invasive fungal infections in pediatric patients

Recent advances in early diagnosis and preemptive therapy

Pediatric pharmacology of established antifungal agents

New agents for treatment and prevention and their pediatric development

Selected management issues of invasive fungal infections

Conclusions

References

Pediatric aspects of bioterrorism

Abstract

Introduction

Anthrax

Smallpox

References

Pediatric infectious diseases – Quo vadis 2015?

Abstract

Introduction

Current activities of the pediatric infectious disease specialist

New developments for the specialists in pediatric infectious diseases

Conclusions

References

Index