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Communication Challenges and Solutions in the Smart Grid
von: Fayҫal Bouhafs, Michael Mackay, Madjid Merabti
Springer-Verlag, 2014
ISBN: 9781493921843 , 99 Seiten
Format: PDF, OL
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen
Preis: 53,49 EUR
Preface
5
Contents
7
Chapter-1
10
Overview of the Smart Grid
10
1.1 Smart Grid Drivers
11
1.1.1 Aging Infrastructure
12
1.1.2 Environmental Impact
12
1.1.3 Security of Energy Supply and Increase in Energy Needs
13
1.1.4 Electricity Cost
13
1.2 Smart Grid Technologies
14
1.2.1 Renewable Energy Generation
14
1.2.2 Demand Response
15
1.2.3 Advanced Metering Infrastructure
15
1.2.4 Home Energy Management
16
1.2.5 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle
16
1.3 Smart Grid Benefits
16
1.3.1 Technical Benefits
17
1.3.2 Economic Benefits
17
1.3.3 Environmental Benefits
17
1.4 ICT in the Smart Grid
18
1.4.1 Digital Communications
18
1.4.2 Wireless Sensing
18
1.4.3 Distributed Systems
19
1.5 Summary
19
References
20
Chapter-2
22
Communication for Control in Heterogeneous Power Supply
22
2.1 Control in Traditional Power Networks
23
2.2 Distributed Generation and Active Control
25
2.3 Communications Challenges in Active Control
28
2.3.1 Inter-Controller Coordination Traffic
29
2.3.2 Field-Device Control Traffic
30
2.4 Conclusion and Open Issues
31
References
31
Chapter-3
33
The Smart Grid in the Last Mile
33
3.1 Metering of Electricity
34
3.1.1 Traditional Metering
34
3.1.2 Smart Metering
35
3.1.3 Advanced Metering Infrastructure
36
3.2 Demand Response System
37
3.3 Communication Architecture for AMI
38
3.3.1 Neighborhood Area Network
39
3.3.2 AMI Wide Area Network
39
3.4 Communication Requirements and Solutions
40
3.4.1 Communication Requirements
40
3.4.2 Communication Technologies and Implementations
40
3.5 Conclusion and Open Issues
41
References
42
Chapter-4
44
Communication Solutions for Backhaul and Wide Area Networks
44
4.1 Wired Communications Media
45
4.1.1 Telephone Line
45
4.1.2 Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL)
45
4.1.3 Fiber Optics
46
4.1.4 Power Line Carrier
46
4.1.5 Discussion
48
4.2 Satellite Communication
49
4.2.1 Geostationary Orbit Satellite
49
4.2.2 Low Earth Orbiting Satellite Communication
50
4.2.3 Discussion
50
4.3 Radio Communication
51
4.3.1 Microwave Radio
51
4.3.2 Ultra High Frequency Radio
52
4.3.3 Discussion
52
4.4 Mobile Radio
52
4.4.1 Global System for Mobile communications (GSM)
53
4.4.2 General Packet Radio Service
54
4.4.3 Third and Fourth Generation of Mobile Phone Technology
54
4.4.4 Private Mobile Radio (PMR)
54
4.4.5 Discussion
56
4.5 Conclusion and Open Issues
56
References
58
Chapter-5
59
Home Energy Management Systems
59
5.1 Energy Usage in Homes and Buildings
60
5.1.1 Heating and Cooling
60
5.1.2 Lighting System
61
5.1.3 Daily Appliances
61
5.2 Smart Home and Home Energy Management
62
5.2.1 Existing Energy Management Solutions
62
5.2.2 Home Energy Management Operations and Components
63
5.2.3 Smart Appliances
64
5.2.4 Environment Sensors and Actuators
65
5.2.5 Home Energy Controller
67
5.3 Communication for Home Energy Management
68
5.3.1 Communication Architectures for Home Energy Management
68
5.3.2 Communication Requirements
69
5.3.3 Communication Technologies and Solutions
70
5.4 Conclusion and Open Issues
71
References
72
Chapter-6
74
Communication Technologies for Smart Energy Management Systems
74
6.1 Power Line Communication (PLC)
74
6.1.1 X10
75
6.1.2 Ineston
75
6.1.3 Lonworks
76
6.1.4 Universal Power Line Bus
76
6.1.5 Homeplug
76
6.1.6 KNX
77
6.2 Ethernet
77
6.3 Wireless Communication
78
6.3.1 Wi-Fi
78
6.3.2 IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee
79
6.3.3 Radio Frequency for Consumer Electronics
80
6.3.4 Bluetooth
81
6.3.5 Visible Light Communication
82
6.4 IP Protocol
83
6.5 Conclusion and Open Issues
84
References
85
Chapter-7
87
Towards a Unified Smart Grid ICT Infrastructure
87
7.1 Architectural Design and Data Aggregation
87
7.1.1 Smart Grid Data Aggregation
88
7.1.2 Interface to the Grid Control System
89
7.2 Provision of Computing Power
90
7.2.1 Use of Cloud Computing for Data Management
90
7.2.2 Role of Cloud Computing in the Smart Grid
92
7.3 Building the End to End Smart Grid
94
7.3.1 Power Station to Smart Meter
94
7.3.2 Smart Meter to Grid Operator
95
7.4 Conclusion and Open Issues
97
7.4.1 A Simple, Scalable and Efficient System
97
7.4.2 Secure, Robust and Reliable Communication
98
7.4.3 Smart Grid Deployment Pathways
98
References
99
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