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Web Caching and its Applications - Series: The International Series in Engineering and Computer Science
Contents
6
List of Figures
11
List of Tables
12
Preface
13
Course Information
15
Acknowledgments
17
Introduction
18
ARCHITECTURAL ASPECTS
24
VARIOUS FLAVORS OF WEB CACHING
25
1. Cache deployment options
25
1.1 Proxy caching
25
1.2 Reverse proxy caching
27
1.3 Transparent caching
29
1.4 Translucent caching
31
2. Adaptive Web Caching
32
3. Push caching
33
4. Active Cache
34
5. Further reading
34
6. Exercises
38
COMPARING CACHE DEPLOYMENT OPTIONS
39
1. The benefits and drawbacks of these options
39
2. Further reading
40
CACHING ARCHITECTURES
42
1. Hierarchical caching
42
2. Distributed caching
45
3. Hybrid caching
48
4. Further reading
49
5. Exercises
58
CACHING DYNAMIC DATA
60
1. Techniques for caching dynamic data
60
1.1 Active Cache
60
1.2 Web server accelerator
61
2. DUP algorithm
61
3. Further reading
62
4. Exercises
66
ASPECTS REQUIRING CO-ORDINATION
68
INTER-CACHE COMMUNICATION
69
1. Inter-cache communication protocols
69
1.1 Internet Cache Protocol
69
1.2 Content Routing Protocol
70
1.3 Cache Digests
70
1.4 Web Cache Communication Protocol
70
1.5 Cache Array Routing Protocol
70
2. Hash- based Routing
71
3. Further reading
72
4. Exercises
75
ROUTING REQUESTS TO CACHES
76
1. Using hashing for routing requests to caches
77
2. Further reading
78
3. Exercises
78
CACHE REPLACEMENT ALGORITHMS
79
1. Traditional algorithms
80
2. Key based algorithms
81
3. Cost based algorithms
82
4. Further reading
84
5. Exercises
89
CACHE COHERENCY
91
1. Cache consistency
91
1.1 Client polling
92
1.2 Invalidation callbacks
92
1.3 Time- To- Live
92
1.4 If- Modified- Since
92
2. Mechanisms for cache coherence
93
2.1 Strong cache consistency
93
2.2 Weak cache consistency
94
3. Further reading
96
4. Exercises
103
ASPECTS RELATED TO TRAFFIC
104
WEB TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS
105
1. Introduction
105
2. Studies related to Web traffic characterization
105
3. Further reading
109
4. Exercises
113
FORECASTING PATTERNS OF ACCESS
114
1. Introduction
114
2. Studies related to access pattern prediction
114
3. Further reading
115
4. Exercises
116
COMPLEMENTARY TECHNIQUES
117
PREFETCHING
118
1. Introduction
118
2. Prefetching examples
118
2.1 Prefetching between Web clients and Web servers
119
2.2 Prefetching between proxy caches and Web servers
121
2.3 Prefetching between Web clients and proxy caches
125
3. DNS prefetching
127
4. Other prefetching schemes
129
5. Further reading
131
6. Exercises
134
LOAD BALANCING
136
1. Introduction
136
2. Studies related to load balancing
136
3. Further reading
138
REPLICATION
139
1. Introduction
139
2. Studies related to replication
139
3. Further reading
143
PRACTICAL ASPECTS
145
FAULT TOLERANCE IN CACHING SYSTEMS
146
1. Introduction
146
2. Fault tolerant Web caching solutions
146
3. Exercises
147
CACHING FOR LIBRARIES‚ ISPS AND OTHERS
149
1. Introduction
149
2. Web caching for libraries
149
3. Web caching for ISPs and others
150
BUILDING CACHE FRIENDLY WEB SITES
151
1. Introduction
151
2. Cache friendly practices
151
3. Exercises
152
CACHING AT THE GLOBAL LEVEL
154
1. Introduction
154
2. Caching projects at the global level
154
3. Further reading
156
4. Exercises
157
ASPECTS RELATED TO PERFORMANCE
158
MEASURING PERFORMANCE
159
1. Introduction
159
2. Parameters for measuring Web performance
159
3. The Wisconsin Proxy Benchmark
160
4. Web Polygraph
161
5. Factors often overlooked while evaluating performance
163
6. Further reading
164
7. Exercises
172
ZIPF’S LAW AND ITS ROLE IN WEB CACHING
173
1. Zipf’s law for Web accesses
173
2. Zipf’s law and its implications
173
3. Exercises
175
GLOSSARY
176
GLOSSARY
177
Appendix A Useful Web sites
184
Appendix B The ISO/OSI seven layer reference model
186
REFERENCES
187
References
188
Index
232
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