A COPD Primer - COPD Primer

COPD Primer is a practical overview of COPD management from recognition and diagnosis to end of life care. We describe the identification of airflow obstruction by spirometry and COPD's historical, physical examination, and radiographic findings, natural history, phenotypes, systemic manifestations, and psychosocial effects.

Ralph J. Panos, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
William Eschenbacher, Cincinnati VA Medical Center, USA