Interpretation, Critical Review and Reporting in Life Cycle Assessment

This book discusses the phase 'Interpretation' in an outstanding way. According to the opinio communis within the LCA community, 'Interpretation' is classified as fourth phase of the LCA framework. However, referring to ISO 14040, this book defines 'Interpretation' according to its function in the LCA framework, and this means that 'Interpretation has a much broader influence than generally accepted. It overarches goal and scope, inventory analysis and impact assessment. Conclusions are drawn from the results of the inventory and the impact assessment, and recommendations refer to the objective of the study, the goal and scope phase. Likewise to be considered are the defined framework conditions, the reasons for carrying out the study as well as the context of the intended applications and the target groups of the results).
A second highlight of this book concerns 'Interpretation' as discussed in conjunction with Critical Review and Reporting, which is an outstanding approach. The relationship between interpretation and critical review can be seen in the fact that interpretation is a kind of structured preparation of a critical review; in practice, the performance of a critical review can be made much easier if the preparers of a life cycle assessment study very carefully follow the requirements that are specifically placed on the interpretation.
Because the critical review is the independent quality control of an LCA, the results improve the credibility of reporting. The critical review helps to avoid text weaknesses and potential misunderstandings because these aspects will easier be realized by independent readers from different viewpoints. The reviewers thus also represent the first readership of a study and can help to ensure that the specific requirements for good and clear reporting of life cycle assessments are met. Sound reporting needs clear conclusions.


Dr. Mary Ann Curran is an internationally recognized expert in the field of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). She has played an extensive role in promoting and developing the application of life cycle management approaches to support decision-making globally, with involvement in the practice spanning three decades. After a long career as a research chemical engineer with the US Environmental Protection Agency, she now works independently as an LCA and sustainability consultant. Through years of LCA research, networking, and publishing, she developed an in-depth knowledge of the field and created an extensive network of LCA researchers and practitioners worldwide.