Intensive Care Medicine - Annual Update 2008

Table of Contents

List of Contributors

Common Abbreviations

I Genetic Factors

Are Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Important for Critically III Patients?

Genetic Susceptibility in ALIIARDS: What have we Learned?

Racial Disparities in Infection and Sepsis: Does Biology Matter?

II Cardiac Issues

B- Type Natriuretic Peptide: An Emerging Biomarker in Pediatric Critical Care

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The Consequences of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Quantification of Improved Left Ventricular Performance during Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Diastolic Dysfunction and Cardiac Failure in the Intensive Care Unit

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Pharmacological Support of the Failing Right Ventricle

Perioperative Cardioprotection

III Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Improving the Quality of Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Care

Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Arrest and Resuscitation

Early Cooling in Cardiac Arrest: What is the Evidence?

IV Emergencies

Management of Severe Accidental Hypothermia

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Initial

Management of Skin Sloughing

Diseases: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and Stevens- Johnson Syndrome

V Poisonings

Extracorporeal Life- Support for Acute Drug- induced Cardiac Toxicity

Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation

VI Acute Respiratory Failure

Esophagectomy and Acute Lung Injury

Glucocorticoid Treatment in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Friend or Foe?

Regional Lung Function in Critically III Neonates: A New Perspective for Electrical Impedance Tomography

Extracorporeal Lung Assist for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Past, Present and Future

VII Ventilatory Support

Protective Mechanical Ventilation: Lessons Learned From Alveolar Mechanics

Hypercapnia: Permissive, Therapeutic, or Not at All?

The Cardiopulmonary Effects of Hypercapnia

High Frequency Oscillation for Acute Respiratory Failure in Adults

Airway Pressure Release Ventilation: Promises and Potentials for Concern

Postoperative Non- invasive Ventilation

VIII Tracheostomy

Choice of Tracheostomy Tube: Does One Size Fit All?

What's new in Percutaneous Dilational Tracheostomy?

IX Infections

Novel Therapies in the Prevention of Ventilator- associated Pneumonia

Management of Ventilator- associated Pneumonia

Flucytosine Combined with Amphotericin Bfor Fungal Infections: A Postmarketing Surveillance and Future Perspectives

X Cellular Mechanisms in Sepsis

Apoptosis in Critical Illness: A Primer for the Intensivist

Regulation of Mitochondrial Function by Hypoxia and Inflammation in Sepsis: A Putative Role for Hypoxia Inducible Factor

Gram- positive and Gram- negative Sepsis: Two Disease Entities?

XI Sepsis Therapies

The Cardiovascular Management of Sepsis

Terlipressin in Septic Shock: When and How Much?

Glutathione in Sepsis and Multiple Organ Failure Failure Failure

Selenocompounds and Selenium: A Biochemical Approach to Sepsis

XII Metabolic Alterations

The Role of Hypoxia and Inflammation in the Expression and Regulation of Proteins Regulating Iron Metabolism

Hyperammonemia in the Adult Critical Care Setting

Magnesium in the

Strict Glycemic Control: Not If and When, but Who and How?

Cortisol Metabolism in Inflammation and Sepsis

XIII Fluid Management

Assessment of Perioperative Fluid Balance

Fluid Resuscitation and Intra- abdominal Hypertension

XIV Acute Kidney Injury

Six Truths about Acute Kidney Injury that the Intensivist Should Be Aware Of

Role of Poly{ ADP- Ribose) Polymerase in Acute Kidney Injury

From Hemodynamics To Proteomics: Unraveling the Complexity of Acute Kidney Injury in Sepsis

XV Hemodynamic Assessment and Management

Towards Optimal Central Venous Catheter Tip Position

From Arterial Pressure to Cardiac Output

Hemodynamic Monitoring: Requirements of Less Invasive Intensive Care - Quality and Safety

Minimally Invasive Cardiac Output Monitoring: Toy Or Tool?

XV Hemodynamic Assessmentand Management

Bioreactance: A New Method for Non- invasive Cardiac Output Monitoring

Goal- directed Hemodynamic Therapy for Surgical Patients

XVI Tissue Oxygenation

Use of Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation in ICU Patients

Early Optimization of Oxygen Delivery in High- risk Surgical Patients

The Influence of Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Tissue Oxygenation

Recent Advancements in Microcirculatory Image Acquisition and Analysis

The Beneficial Effects of Increasing Blood Viscosity

XVII Anticoagulants in Organ Failure

Protein ( and Antithrombin Levels in Surgical and Septic Patients

Thrombophilia as a Risk Factor for Outcome in Sepsis

The Effects of Activated Protein ( on the Septic Endothelium

Improvement in Hemodynamics by Activated Protein ( in Septic Shock

XVIII Acute Bleeding

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage on the Intensive Care Unit

Recombinant Activated Factor VII: The Delicate Balance between Efficacy and Safety

XIX Hepatic Disease

ICU Management of the Liver Transplant Patient

Liver Support with Fractionated Plasma Separation and Adsorption and Prometheus AE

Artificial Liver Support: Current Status

XX Neurological Crises

Multimodality Monitoring in Patients with Elevated Intracranial Pressure

Managing Critically III Patients with Status Epilepticus

XXI Analgesia and Sedation

Sedation with Inhaled Anesthetics in Intensive Care

Sedation or Analgo- sedation in the leu: A Multimodality Approach

XXII Outcomes

Time to Use Computerized Physician Order Entry in all ICUs?

Quality of Life in Locked- in Syndrome Survivors

Post- traumatic Stress Disorder in Intensive Care Unit Survivors