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Preface
5
References
10
Contents
11
S and S- PLUS
23
1.1 Introduction
23
1.2 S Objects
24
1.3 Modeling Functions in S+ FinMetrics
30
1.4 S- PLUS Resources
34
1.5 References
35
Time Series Specification, Manipulation, and Visualization in S- PLUS
37
2.1 Introduction
37
2.2 The Specification of "timeSeries” Objects in S- PLUS
37
2.3 Time Series Manipulation in S- PLUS
62
2.4 Visualizing Time Series in S- PLUS
70
2.5 References
77
Time Series Concepts
78
3.1 Introduction
78
3.2 Univariate Time Series
79
3.3 Univariate Nonstationary Time Series
114
3.4 Long Memory Time Series
118
3.5 Multivariate Time Series
122
3.6 References
130
Unit Root Tests
132
4.1 Introduction
132
4.2 Testing for Nonstationarity and Stationarity
133
4.3 Autoregressive Unit Root Tests
135
4.4 Stationarity Tests
150
4.5 Some Problems with Unit Root Tests
153
4.6 Efficient Unit Root Tests
153
4.7 References
159
Modeling Extreme Values
161
5.1 Introduction
161
5.2 Modeling Maxima and Worst Cases
162
5.3 Modeling Extremes Over High Thresholds
177
5.4 Hill’s Non-parametric Estimator of Tail Index
194
5.5 References
198
Time Series Regression Modeling
200
6.1 Introduction
200
6.2 Time Series Regression Model
201
6.3 Time Series Regression Using the S+ FinMetrics Function OLS
204
6.4 Dynamic Regression
220
6.5 Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation
227
6.6 Recursive Least Squares Estimation
236
6.7 References
240
Univariate GARCH Modeling
242
7.1 Introduction
242
7.2 The Basic ARCH Model
243
7.3 The GARCH Model and Its Properties
248
7.4 GARCH Modeling Using S+ FinMetrics
251
7.5 GARCH Model Extensions
259
7.6 GARCH Model Selection and Comparison
279
7.7 GARCH Model Prediction
281
7.8 GARCH Model Simulation
284
7.9 Conclusion
286
7.10 References
286
Long Memory Time Series Modeling
289
8.1 Introduction
289
8.2 Long Memory Time Series
290
8.3 Statistical Tests for Long Memory
294
8.4 Estimation of Long Memory Parameter
298
8.5 Estimation of FARIMA and SEMIFAR Models
302
8.6 Long Memory GARCH Models
314
8.7 Prediction from Long Memory Models
322
8.8 References
327
Rolling Analysis of Time Series
330
9.1 Introduction
330
9.2 Rolling Descriptive Statistics
331
9.3 Technical Analysis Indicators
354
9.4 Rolling Regression
359
9.5 Rolling Analysis of General Models Using the S+ FinMetrics Function roll
375
9.6 References
377
Systems of Regression Equations
378
10.1 Introduction
378
10.2 Systems of Regression Equations
379
10.3 Linear Seemingly Unrelated Regressions
381
10.4 Nonlinear Seemingly Unrelated Regression Models
391
10.5 References
399
Vector Autoregressive Models for Multivariate Time Series
401
11.1 Introduction
401
11.2 The Stationary Vector Autoregression Model
402
11.3 Forecasting
414
11.4 Structural Analysis
422
11.5 An Extended Example
432
11.6 Bayesian Vector Autoregression
440
11.7 References
444
Cointegration
446
12.1 Introduction
446
12.2 Spurious Regression and Cointegration
447
12.3 Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration
459
12.4 Regression-Based Estimates of Cointegrating Vectors and Error Correction Models
465
12.5 VAR Models and Cointegration
470
12.6 Appendix: Maximum Likelihood Estimation of a Cointegrated VECM
491
12.7 References
493
Multivariate GARCH Modeling
496
13.1 Introduction
496
13.2 Exponentially Weighted Covariance Estimate
497
13.3 Diagonal VEC Model
501
13.4 Multivariate GARCH Modeling in S+ FinMetrics
502
13.5 Multivariate GARCH Model Extensions
511
13.6 Multivariate GARCH Prediction
524
13.7 Custom Estimation of GARCH Models
527
13.8 Multivariate GARCH Model Simulation
530
13.9 References
532
State Space Models
534
14.1 Introduction
534
14.2 State Space Representation
535
14.3 Algorithms
558
14.4 Estimation of State Space Models
567
14.5 Simulation Smoothing
580
14.6 References
581
Factor Models for Asset Returns
583
15.1 Introduction
583
15.2 Factor Model Specification
584
15.3 Macroeconomic Factor Models for Returns
585
15.4 Fundamental Factor Model
594
15.5 Statistical Factor Models for Returns
604
15.6 References
628
Term Structure of Interest Rates
631
16.1 Introduction
631
16.2 Discount, Spot and Forward Rates
632
16.3 Quadratic and Cubic Spline Interpolation
634
16.4 Smoothing Spline Interpolation
638
16.5 Nelson-Siegel Function
642
16.6 Conclusion
646
16.7 References
647
Robust Change Detection
649
17.1 Introduction
649
17.2 REGARIMA Models
650
17.3 Robust Fitting of REGARIMA Models
651
17.4 Prediction Using REGARIMA Models
656
17.5 Controlling Robust Fitting of REGARIMA Models
657
17.6 Algorithms of Filtered Filtered -Estimation
663
17.7 References
665
Nonlinear Time Series Models
667
18.1 Introduction
667
18.2 BDS Test for Nonlinearity
668
18.3 Threshold Autoregressive Models
676
18.4 Smooth Transition Autoregressive Models
692
18.5 Markov Switching State Space Models
701
18.6 An Extended Example: Markov Switching Coincident Index
715
18.7 References
723
Copulas
727
19.1 Introduction
727
19.2 Motivating Example
728
19.3 Definitions and Basic Properties of Copulas
736
19.4 Parametric Copula Classes and Families
743
19.5 Fitting Copulas to Data
761
19.6 Risk Management Using Copulas
768
19.7 References
771
Continuous-Time Models for Financial Time Series
773
20.1 Introduction
773
20.2 SDEs: Background
774
20.3 Approximating Solutions to SDEs
775
20.4 S+ FinMetrics Functions for Solving SDEs
779
20.5 References
796
Generalized Method of Moments
798
21.1 Introduction
798
21.2 Single Equation Linear GMM
799
21.3 Estimation of S
806
21.4 GMM Estimation Using the S+ FinMetrics Function GMM
810
21.5 Hypothesis Testing for Linear Models
821
21.6 Nonlinear GMM
829
21.7 Examples of Nonlinear Models
832
21.8 References
855
Seminonparametric Conditional Density Models
859
22.1 Introduction
859
22.2 Overview of SNP Methodology
860
22.3 Estimating SNP Models in S+ FinMetrics
863
22.4 SNP Model Selection
892
22.5 SNP Model Diagnostics
903
22.6 Prediction from an SNP Model
909
22.7 Data Transformations
911
22.8 Examples
916
22.9 References
932
Efficient Method of Moments
935
23.1 Introduction
935
23.2 An Overview of the EMM Methodology
937
23.3 EMM Estimation in S+ FinMetrics
950
23.4 Examples
955
23.5 References
998
Index
1003
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